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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик
Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
1922–1991
Flag of the Soviet Union
State emblem(1956–1991) of the Soviet Union
State emblem
(1956–1991)
Motto: 
"Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!"
Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!
("Workers of the world, unite!")
Anthem: 
"Интернационал"
Internatsional
("The Internationale")
(1922–1944)

"Государственный гимн СССР"
Gosudarstvennyy gimn SSSR
("State Anthem of the USSR")
(1944–1991)
The Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991
The Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991
Capital Moscow
55°45′N 37°37′E / 55.750°N 37.617°E / 55.750; 37.617
Largest city Capital
Official languages Russian
Recognised regional languages
Minority languages
Ethnic groups
(1989)
Religion
Secular state
State atheism
Demonym(s) Soviet
Government
Leader  
• 1922–1924
 Vladimir Lenin
• 1924–1953
 Joseph Stalin
• 1953
 Georgy Malenkov
Head of state  
• 1922–1946 (first)
 Mikhail Kalinin
• 1988–1991 (last)
 Mikhail Gorbachev
Head of government  
• 1922–1924 (first)
 Vladimir Lenin
• 1991 (last)
 Ivan Silayev
Legislature Congress of Soviets
(1922–1936)
Supreme Soviet
(1936–1991)
Soviet of Nationalities
Soviet of the Union
History  
• Bolshevik Coup
 7 November 1917
• Established
 30 December 1922
• Civil War ended
 16 June 1923
• First constitution
 31 January 1924
• Second constitution
 5 December 1936
22 June 1941
• Victory in World War II
 9 May 1945
25 February 1956
• Last constitution
 9 October 1977
• First republic secedes
 11 March 1990
• Multi-party system
 14 March 1990
• August Coup
 19–22 August 1991
• Belovezha Accords
 8 December 1991
26 December 1991
Area
• Total
 22,402,200 km2 (8,649,500 sq mi)
Population
• 1989 census
 Increase 286,730,819 (3rd)
• Density
 12.7/km2 (32.9/sq mi)
GDP (PPP) 1990 estimate
• Total
 $2.7 trillion (2nd)
• Per capita
 $9,000
GDP (nominal) 1990 estimate
• Total
 $2.7 trillion (2nd)
• Per capita
 $9,000 (28th)
Gini (1989) 0.275
low
HDI (1990) 0.920
very high
Currency Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR)
Time zone (UTC+2 to +12)
Date format dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side right
Calling code +7
ISO 3166 code SU
Internet TLD .su
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
1922:
Russian
SFSR
Ukrainian SSR
Byelorussian SSR
Transcaucasian SFSR
1924:
Bukharan SSR
Khorezm SSR
1939:
Poland
1940:
Finland
Romania
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
1944:
Tuva
1945:
Germany
1946:
Czechoslovakia
1990:
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Gagauzia
1991:
Georgia
Ukraine
Belarus
Artsakh
Transnistria
Moldova
Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Notes
  1. Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law .
  2. Original lyrics used from 1944 to 1956 praised Stalin. No lyrics from 1956 to 1977. Revised lyrics from 1977 to 1991 displayed.
  3. All-union official since 1990, constituent republics had the right to declare their own official languages.
  4. Assigned on 19 September 1990, existing onwards.
Flag of the Soviet Union
The Flag of the Soviet Union


An index of articles related to the former nation known as the Soviet Union. It covers the Soviet revolutionary period until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This list includes topics, events, persons and other items of national significance within the Soviet Union. It does not include places within the Soviet Union, unless the place is associated with an event of national significance (e.g., Moscow). This index also does not contain items related to Soviet Military History.

0–9

  • 1924 Soviet Constitution
  • 1936 Soviet Constitution
  • 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya
  • 1951 anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan
  • 1958 Grozny riots
  • 1965 Soviet economic reform
  • 1970s Soviet Union aliyah
  • 1973 Soviet economic reform
  • 1977 Soviet Constitution
  • 1978 Russian Constitution
  • 1979 Soviet economic reform
  • 1980 Summer Olympics
  • 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
  • 1991 Soviet referendum
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A

  • Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
  • Adjar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • Administrator of Affairs of the Soviet Union
  • Agriculture in the Soviet Union
  • Akhmatova, Anna
  • All-Russian Central Executive Committee
  • All-Russian Congress of Soviets
  • All-Russian Scientific Research And Design Institute of Energy Technology
  • American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky
  • Andreyev, Andrey Andreyevich
  • Andropov, Yuri – Soviet leader from 1982 to 1984
  • Anti-Party Group
  • Anti-revisionism
  • Anti-Stalinist left
  • Apollo–Soyuz
  • Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
  • Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia
  • Astron (spacecraft)
  • Attempted assassination of Leonid Brezhnev
  • Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union
  • Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
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B

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C

  • Case of the Anti-Soviet "Bloc of Rightists and Trotskyites"
  • Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
  • Censorship in the Soviet Union
  • Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
  • Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union
  • Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • Chernobyl disaster
  • Cheka – a short commonly used abbreviation for the "All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage."
  • Chelomey, Vladimir
  • Chernenko, Konstantin – Soviet leader from 1984 to 1985
  • Chervyakov, Alexander
  • Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies
  • Cold War
  • Collective farming
  • Collective leadership in the Soviet Union
  • Collectivization in the Soviet Union
  • Commemorative coins of the Soviet Union
  • Communism
  • Communism in 20 years
  • Communist party
  • Communist Party of the Soviet Union
    • Communist Party of Armenia
    • Communist Party of Azerbaijan
    • Communist Party of Byelorussia
    • Communist Party of Estonia
    • Communist Party of Georgia
    • Communist Party of Kazakhstan
    • Communist Party of Kirghizia
    • Communist Party of Latvia
    • Communist Party of Lithuania
    • Communist Party of Moldova
    • Communist Party of Tajikistan
    • Communist Party of Turkmenistan
    • Communist Party of Ukraine
    • Communist Party of Uzbekistan
  • Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union
  • Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union
  • Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
    • 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1923)
    • 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1924)
    • 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1925)
    • 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1927)
    • 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1930)
    • 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1934)
    • 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1939)
    • 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1952)
    • 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1956)
    • 21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1959)
    • 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1961)
    • 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1966)
    • 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1971)
    • 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1976)
    • 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1981)
    • 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1986)
    • 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1990)
  • Constitution of the Soviet Union
    • 1924 Soviet Constitution
    • 1936 Soviet Constitution
    • 1977 Soviet Constitution
  • Congress of Soviets
  • Consumer goods in the Soviet Union
  • Council of Defense of the USSR
  • Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union
  • Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
  • Council of People's Commissars
  • Criticism of communism
  • Cuba–Soviet Union relations
  • Culture of the Soviet Union
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D

  • Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union
  • Decree about Arrests, Prosecutor Supervision and Course of Investigation
  • De-Stalinization
  • Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin
  • Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev
  • Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin
  • Death dates of victims of the Great Purge
  • Declaration of the Creation of the USSR
  • Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia
  • Defense Council (Soviet Union)
  • Dekulakization
  • Demographics of the Soviet Union
  • Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)
  • Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush
  • Deportation of Chinese in the Soviet Union
  • Deportation of the Crimean Tatars
  • Deportation of the Kalmyks
  • Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union
  • Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks
  • Deputies of the Soviet Union
  • Détente
  • Dewey Commission
  • Dissolution of the Soviet Union
  • Doctors' plot
  • Dual power
  • Dzerzhinsky, Felix
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E

  • Eastern Bloc
  • Economy of the Soviet Union
  • Education in the Soviet Union
    • Likbez
  • Energy policy of the Soviet Union
  • Era of Stagnation
  • Evil Empire speech
  • Excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin
  • Explosion of the Steamship "Dalstroy"
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F

  • Family in the Soviet Union
  • Famines in Russia and USSR
    • Famine of 1921–22
    • Famine of 1921–22 in Tatarstan
    • Famine of 1932–33
    • Famine of 1946–47
    • Holodomor – Famine of 1932–33 in Ukraine
    • Kazakh famine of 1932–33
  • Fashion in the Soviet Union
  • First Deputies of the Soviet Union
  • First Russian Society of Communist Agricultural Workers
  • First Ladies of the Soviet Union
  • Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union
    • First five-year plan
    • Eighth five-year plan (Soviet Union)
    • Ninth five-year plan (Soviet Union)
    • Tenth five-year plan (Soviet Union)
    • Eleventh five-year plan (Soviet Union)
  • Flag of the Soviet Union
    • Flag of the Armenian SSR
    • Flag of Azerbaijan SSR
    • Flag of Byelorussian SSR
    • Flag of the Estonian SSR
    • Flag of the Georgian SSR
    • Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR
    • Flag of the Kazakh SSR
    • Flag of the Kirghiz SSR
    • Flag of the Latvian SSR
    • Flag of the Lithuanian SSR
    • Flag of the Moldavian SSR
    • Flag of the Russian SFSR
    • Flag of the Tajik SSR
    • Flag of the Transcaucasion SFSR
    • Flag of the Turkmen SSR
    • Flag of the Ukrainian SSR
    • Flag of the Uzbek SSR
  • Forced settlements in the Soviet Union
  • Foreign Literature Committee
  • Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
  • Foreign trade of the Soviet Union
  • Frunze, Mikhail
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G

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H

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I

  • Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
  • Ideological repression in the Soviet Union
  • Industrialization in the Soviet Union
  • Intelligentsia
  • International Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
  • Iraq–Russia relations
  • Islam in the Soviet Union
    • Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam
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J

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K

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L

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Lists

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M

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N

  • Nafta (oil company)
  • Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • National delimitation in the Soviet Union
  • Nedelin catastrophe
  • New Economic Policy
  • New Soviet man
  • Night of the Murdered Poets
  • NKVD
    • Greek Operation of the NKVD
    • Latvian Operation of the NKVD
    • Mass operations of the NKVD
    • NKVD Order No. 00439
    • NKVD Order No. 00447
    • NKVD Order No. 00485
    • NKVD Order No. 00593
    • NKVD Order No. 00689
    • NKVD prisoner massacres
    • NKVD troika
    • Polish Operation of the NKVD
    • NKVD Order No. 00486
    • Special Council of the NKVD
  • North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • Northern river reversal
  • Novodevichy Cemetery
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O

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P

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R

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S

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T

  • Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • Television in the Soviet Union
  • Tereshkova, Valentina
  • Tikhonov, Nikolai – Soviet Chairman of the Council of Ministers 1980–1985 and First Deputy from 1976 to 1980
  • Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • Transport in the Soviet Union
  • Treaty of Moscow (1970)
  • Treaty on the Creation of the USSR
  • Trial of the Sixteen – Soviet show trial of Polish Underground Leaders (1945)
  • Trotsky, Leon
  • Trotskyism
  • Tsaritsyn – now known as Volgograd (1961–present), formerly known as Stalingrad (1925–1961)
  • Tskhakaya, Mikhail
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U

  • Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
  • United Opposition (Soviet Union)
  • Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR and Russia
  • Union of Soviet Writers
  • Union of Sovereign States
  • Ustinov, Dmitry
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V

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W

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Y

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Z

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See also

  • Index of articles related to the Russian Revolution and Civil War
  • Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War
  • Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
  • Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union
  • Lists of country-related topics
  • List of Russian people
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