Schaerbeek facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Schaerbeek Schaerbeek  (French) Schaarbeek  (Dutch)
Municipality
Schaerbeek's Municipal Hall seen from the Place Colignon/Colignonplein
Flag Coat of arms
Schaerbeek Location in Belgium
Country	Belgium
Community	Flemish Community French Community
Region	Brussels
Arrondissement	Brussels-Capital
Area
• Total	8.14 km2 (3.14 sq mi)
Population  (2018-01-01)Lua error in Module:Wd at line 1575: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
• Total	Lua error in Module:Wd at line 1,575: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Postal codes	1030
Area codes	02
Website	1030.be/fr 1030.be/nl

Schaerbeek (French, pronounced [skaʁbek, -bɛk]; former Dutch spelling) or Schaarbeek (Dutch, pronounced [ˈsxaːrbeːk]) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the north-eastern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Etterbeek, Evere and Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

Schaerbeek has a multicultural identity stemming from its diverse population. As of 1 January  2022 (2022 -01-01)^[update], the municipality had a population of 130,690 inhabitants. The total area is 7.9 km² (3.1 sq mi), which gives a population density of 16,540/km² (42,800/sq mi), twice the average of Brussels.

Toponymy

Etymology

The first mention of Schaerbeek's name was Scarenbecca, recorded in a document from the Bishop of Cambrai in 1120. The origin of the name may come from the Franconian (Old Dutch) words schaer ("notch", "score") and beek ("creek", "beck").

Schaerbeek is nicknamed "the city of donkeys" (French: la cité des ânes, Dutch: de ezelsgemeente). This name is reminiscent of times when people of Schaerbeek, who were cultivators of sour cherries primarily for Kriek production, would arrive at the Brussels marketplace with donkeys laden with sour cherries. Donkeys are still kept in Josaphat Park, and sour cherry trees line the streets of the Diamant Quarter of Schaerbeek (the Avenue Milcamps/Milcampslaan, the Avenue Émile Max/Émile Maxlaan, and the Avenue Opale/Opaallaan). The Square des Griottiers/Morelleboomsquare is named after these trees.

History

Antiquity and Middle Ages

The period at which human activity started in Schaerbeek can be inferred from the Stone Age flint tools that were recovered in the Josaphat valley. Tombs and coins dating from the reign of Roman Emperor Hadrian (2nd century AD) were also found near the old Roman roads that crossed Schaerbeek's territory.

The first mention of the town's name appears in a legal document dated 1120, whereby the Bishop of Cambrai granted the administration of the churches of Scarenbecca and Everna (today's neighbouring Evere) to the canons of Soignies, located in modern-day Hainaut, Belgium. Politically, the town was part of the Duchy of Brabant. In 1301, John II, Duke of Brabant, had the town administered by the schepen (aldermen) of Brussels. A new church dedicated to Saint Servatius was built around that same time, at the same location as the old church.

At the end of the 14th century, the lands of Schaerbeek that belonged to the Lords of Kraainem were sold and reconverted into a hunting ground. The official entry of the visiting Dukes of Burgundy into Brussels, their second capital, was also through Schaerbeek, where they had to swear to uphold the city's privileges. The game reservation and the rural character of the village lasted until the end of the 18th century. The areas not covered by woods were used to cultivate vegetables and grow vines. In 1540, Schaerbeek counted 112 houses and 600 inhabitants.

16th–19th centuries

The Schaerbeek Gate in 1612

Until the 16th century, the village had lived in relative peace. This would change in the middle of the 16th century as the Reformation set in. Schaerbeek suffered through ravages and destruction about a dozen times over the following two centuries, starting in the 1570s with William the Silent's mercenary troops fighting the Catholic Duke of Alba. Spanish, French, British, and Bavarian troops all came through Schaerbeek, with the usual exactions and requisitions inflicted on the population.

After the French Revolution, it was decreed that Schaerbeek would be taken away from Brussels and proclaimed an independent municipality, with its own mayor, schepen, and municipal assembly. On 27 September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution, some fighting occurred in the Josaphat valley between the revolutionary troops and the retreating Dutch troops. In 1879, a more modern Church of St. Servatius was built near the old one, which was eventually demolished in 1905. The Municipal Hall and Schaerbeek railway station were built in 1887 and 1902, respectively. In 1889, the shooting range known as the Tir national was established.

At the end of the 19th and in the early 20th centuries, Schaerbeek became home to the gentry. The Avenue Louis Bertrand/Louis Bertrandlaan was laid out to herald a new, tree-filled residential district for the city's burgeoning middle classes, many of whom employed the period's best architects to design their new homes. Gustave Strauven, Franz Hemelsoet [fr] and Henri Jacobs [fr] were just three of the architects who reinvented family houses, apartment buildings and educational buildings in the Art Nouveau style.

20th and 21st centuries

The Place des Carabiniers/Karabiniersplein

At the turn of the 20th century, Schaerbeek was a booming suburb which attracted a large middle-class population. In 1904, the newly landscaped Josaphat Park was inaugurated. One year later, the old St. Servatius' Church, the last witness to Schaerbeek's medieval past, was demolished. In 1915, the British nurse Edith Cavell was executed by an occupying German Army firing squad at the Tir national. Dwight D. Eisenhower came to visit the municipality at the close of World War II. Five years later, the population of Schaerbeek peaked at 125,000 inhabitants.

Districts

There are two distinct parts of Schaerbeek; an eastern part and a western part. The eastern part (the area that includes the Square Vergote/Vergoteplein, the Boulevard Lambermont/Lambermontlaan, the Fleurs Quarter, the Place de Jamblinne de Meux/De Jamblinne de Meuxplein, the Diamant Quarter and Josaphat Park) is an affluent area noted for its architecture and its convenient location (close to the EU institutions and the financial heart of the city, as well as NATO's headquarters).

The western part (the area near Brussels-North railway station, the Chaussée de Haecht/Haachtsesteenweg and the Van Praet bridge) is home to Brussels' large Belgian Turkish community. The area around St. Mary's Royal Church is dubbed the "Little Anatolia" (French: la petite Anatolie, Dutch: het Klein Anatolië) because of all the Turkish restaurants and shops on the Chaussée de Haecht. The area is also home to a significant Belgian Moroccan population and other immigrant communities such as Spanish, Congolese, and Asian immigrants. However, the district offers a social blend because of the numerous schools like the Hogeschool Sint-Lukas Brussel, the municipal administrations and the proximity of the Rue Royale/Koningsstraat.

Demographics

Foreign population

Schaerbeek has a large concentration of immigrants from other countries, and their children, including many of Turkish ancestry, a significant part of which originates from Afyon or Emirdağ, Turkey.

Similar to Molenbeek, Schaerbeek has a large Muslim population. As of 2016^[update], the largest share of Muslims in Schaerbeek are of Moroccan origin, but there are also Turks and Albanians. That year, the mayor of Schaerbeek Bernard Clerfayt (DéFI) argued that the diversity in the foreign population means there is a lack of a ghetto effect, and Molenbeek's then-mayor Françoise Schepmans (MR) stated that the foreigner population in Schaerbeek was more diverse than that of Molenbeek.

As of 2016^[update], 22% of young people in Schaerbeek are unemployed. The municipality lies in a semi-circle of neighbourhoods in Brussels often referred to as the "poor croissant".

As of 2023^[update], 52.78% of Schaerbeek's population is from non-European countries (predominantly Morocco and Turkey), 21.13% is from another European country (mainly Bulgaria, Romania, France, Spain, and Poland), while the native Belgian population is 18.46%.

Migrant communities in Schaerbeek with over 1,000 people as of 1 January 2020:

Bulgaria	5,728
Romania	5,072
Morocco	4,463
France	4,275
Turkey	3,266
Spain	3,041
Poland	2,781
Italy	2,850
Syria	1,754
Portugal	1,435
Guinea	1,325

Education

Public communal French-language secondary schools include:

• Athénée Fernand Blum [fr], a traditional gateway to the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
• Institut communal d'enseignement technique Frans Fischer
• Lycée Emile Max

French-language subsidised religious secondary schools include:

• Centre scolaire Sainte-Marie La Sagesse [fr]
• Collège Roi Baudouin
• Institut de la Saint-Famille d'Helmet
• Collège Roi Baudouin Enseignement technique et professionnel
• Institut Technique Cardinal Mercié-Notre-Dame du Sacré-Coeur
• Institut Saint-Dominique
• Institut de la Vierge Fidèle

Koninklijk Atheneum Emmanuel Hiel serves as the public Dutch-language secondary school in Schaerbeek, operated by the Flemish Community.

Main sights

• Schaerbeek counts a number of Art Deco and Art Nouveau houses, including the Autrique House, the first house built by Victor Horta in the Brussels area.
• The Municipal Hall of Schaerbeek, designed in neo-Flemish Renaissance style by the architect Jules Jacques Van Ysendyck [fr], was inaugurated by King Leopold II in 1887.
• Josaphat Park, also inaugurated by King Leopold II (in 1904), provides a haven of quiet in the heart of the city. It is bordered by the Brusilia Residence, the tallest residential building in Belgium.
• Schaerbeek railway station, where the new national railway museum of Belgium, Train World, opened in 2015.
• St. Mary's Royal Church, an eclectic Roman Catholic church built between 1845 and 1888, which has been listed as a protected monument since 1976.
• The Clockarium is a clock museum. There is also a beer museum and a mechanical organ museum nearby.

Schaerbeek Cemetery, despite its name, is actually located in Evere.

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  St. Mary's Royal Church

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  Schaerbeek railway station

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  Autrique House

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  Terdelt garden city

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  Josaphat Park

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  Brusilia Residence

Famous inhabitants

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Schaerbeek is twinned with:

• Houffalize, Belgium
• Al-Hoceima, Morocco
• Nablus, Palestine
• Beyoğlu, Turkey
• Prairie Village, Kansas, United States
• Dardania, Pristina, Kosovo
• Quebec City, Canada
• Vicovu de Sus, Romania
• Anyang, China

See also

In Spanish: Schaerbeek para niños