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List of mammals of Russia facts for kids

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Medved mzoo
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the national animal of Russia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Russia. There are 266 mammal species in Russia, of which five are critically endangered, thirteen are endangered, twenty-six are vulnerable, and six are near threatened. One of the species listed for Russia is extinct and one can no longer be found in the wild. All the mammals of Russia are in the subclass Theria and infraclass Eutheria, being all placental.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Ab sciurus vulgaris
Red squirrel
Chomik europejski
European hamster
Bobak-drawing
Bobak marmot
Siebenschlaefer glis glis
Edible dormouse
Pallas Sicista betulina 1778-79
Northern birch mouse
Phodopus sungorus 2 - Colour corrected
Winter white Russian dwarf hamster
Rötelmaus I
Bank vole
Berglemming-drawing
Norway lemming
Feldmaus Microtus arvalis
Common vole
TundraVole23
Tundra vole
Apodemus.flavicollis
Yellow-necked mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis detail
Northern pika
Kaninchen
European rabbit
Lepus timidus 01-cropped
Mountain hare

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)

Igel01
West European hedgehog

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Gartenspitzmaus
Lesser white-toothed shrew
Spitzmaeuse-drawing
Common shrew
Desmana moschata MHNT.INS.10
Russian desman
Talpa europaea MHNT
European mole
  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii
        • Ussuri white-toothed shrew, Crocidura lasiura
        • Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon
        • Siberian shrew, Crocidura sibirica
        • Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens
    • Subfamily: Soricinae
      • Tribe: Nectogalini
      • Tribe: Soricini
        • Genus: Sorex
          • Common shrew, Sorex araneus
          • Laxmann's shrew, Sorex caecutiens
          • Kamchatka shrew, Sorex camtschatica
          • Siberian large-toothed shrew, Sorex daphaenodon
          • Slender shrew, Sorex gracillimus
          • Taiga shrew, Sorex isodon
          • Paramushir shrew, Sorex leucogaster VU
          • Eurasian least shrew, Sorex minutissimus
          • Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus
          • Ussuri shrew, Sorex mirabilis
          • Portenko's shrew, Sorex portenkoi
          • Radde's shrew, Sorex raddei
          • Flat-skulled shrew, Sorex roboratus
          • Caucasian shrew, Sorex satunini
          • Tundra shrew, Sorex tundrensis
          • Long-clawed shrew, Sorex unguiculatus
          • Caucasian pygmy shrew, Sorex volnuchini
  • Family: Talpidae (moles)
    • Subfamily: Talpinae
      • Tribe: Desmanini
      • Tribe: Talpini
        • Genus: Mogera
          • Large mole, Mogera robusta
        • Genus: Talpa
          • Siberian mole, Talpa altaica
          • Caucasian mole, Talpa caucasica
          • European mole, Talpa europaea
          • Levantine mole, Talpa levantis

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

Wasserfledermaus-drawing
Daubenton's bat
Mopsfledermaus-drawing
Barbastelle
Eptesicus serotinus
Serotine bat
Nyctalus noctula
Common noctule

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

A bowhead whale is tail-slapping in the coastal waters of western Sea of Okhotsk by Olga Shpak, Marine Mammal Council, IEE RAS
Bowhead whales in Shantar Islands
Bluewhale877
Blue whale
Humpback Whale underwater shot
Humpback whale
Sakhalin-gray-whale-small
Western gray whale on Sakhalin
Porpoise touching
Harbour porpoise
Dalls Porpoise Underwater
Dall's porpoise
Stenella coeruleoalba-cropped
Striped dolphin
Comdolph
Common dolphin
Killerwhales jumping
Orca

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Bengalkatze
Leopard cat
P.t.altaica Tomak Male
Siberian tiger
Uncia uncia
Snow leopard
Simferopol zoo - fox
Red fox
Fox---Vulpes-corsac---(Gentry)
Corsac fox
Howling wolf 01
Gray wolf
Cuon alpinus in moscow zoo
Dhole
Ялтинский зоопарк 089
Raccoon dog
Mustela nivalis (two, fighting)
Least weasel
Zoo in Yalta 008
European otter
Northfursealbull
Northern fur seal
Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) NOAA Photo Library
Walrus
Seehund
Common seal
Baikal seal 200507 hakone japan
Baikal Seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

Przewalski 26-9-2004-2
Wild horse

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Saiga
Saiga antelope
WestCaucasianTur
West Caucasian tur

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Locally extinct and extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

The following species are extinct:

See also

  • List of chordate orders
  • Lists of mammals by region
  • List of prehistoric mammals
  • Mammal classification
  • List of mammals described in the 2000s
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List of mammals of Russia Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.