Junta (Spanish American Independence) facts for kids

Junta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxunta]) during Spanish American independence was the type of self government as patriotic alternative to the central government of Spain during the first phase of Spanish American wars of independence. The formation of juntas was usually an urban movement. Most juntas were created out of the already-existing ayuntamientos (municipal councils) with the addition of other prominent members of society.

Overview

Juntas emerged in Spanish America as a result of Spain facing a political crisis due to the kidnapping and abdication of Ferdinand VII and Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion. Spanish Americans reacted in much the same way the Peninsular Spanish did, legitimizing their actions through traditional law, which held that there was a retroversion of the sovereignty to the people in the absence of a legitimate king.

Once adopted the same principle of Popular sovereignty in the Spanish Empire there was a conflict between those who wanted the unity or the independence. The juntas were declared illegal by the governments of Spain. The Spanish government deny him absolutely no legitimacy and fought for preserve the integrity of the Spanish monarchy. The juntas did not accept the Spanish regency, which was under siege in the city of Cadiz. They also rejected the Spanish Constitution of 1812.

The juntas in the Americas did not accept the governments of the Europeans, neither the government set up for Spain by the French nor the various Spanish governments set up in response to the French invasion. The majority of Spanish Americans continued to support the idea of maintaining several independent monarchies under Ferdinand VII, but did not support retaining absolutism. In the end, the triumph of the republican ideas such as Bolivar's were imposed over Constitutional monarchy as San Martin's proposed.

Chronology

Year	Date	Name	Place	Current Country	Heads of Junta
1808	August 5	Junta 1808 México	Viceroyalty of Nueva Spain	México	Francisco Primo de Verdad Melchor de Talamantes José de Iturrigaray
1808	September 21	Junta de Montevideo	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Uruguay	Francisco Javier de Elío
1809	May 25	Junta of Chuquisaca	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Bolivia	Bernardo de Monteagudo Jaime de Zudáñez
1809	July 16	Junta Tuitiva (created by La Paz revolution)	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Bolivia	Pedro Murillo
1809	August 10	Junta of Quito	Viceroyalty of New Granada	Ecuador	Juan Pío Montúfar
1810	April 19	Junta Suprema de Caracas	Captaincy General of Venezuela	Venezuela	José de las Llamozas Martín Tovar Ponte
1810	May 22	Junta de Cartagena	Viceroyalty of New Granada	Colombia	José María García de Toledo
1810	May 25	Primera Junta de Buenos Aires	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Argentina	Cornelio Saavedra Mariano Moreno/Juan José Paso Juan José Castelli/Miguel de Azcuénaga/Manuel Belgrano/Manuel Alberti/Domingo Matheu/Juan Larrea
1810	July 3	Junta extraordinaria de Santiago de Cali	Viceroyalty of New Granada	Colombia	Joaquín de Caycedo y Cuero
1810	July 20	Junta de Santa Fe	Viceroyalty of New Granada	Colombia	Francisco José de Caldas Camilo Torres
1810	September 16	(created after the Grito de Dolores)	Viceroyalty of New Spain	México	Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
1810	September 18	Government Junta of Chile (1810)	Captaincy General of Chile	Chile	Juan Martínez de Rozas Mateo de Toro y Zambrano
1811	February 27	(created after the Cry of Asencio)	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Uruguay	Pedro José Viera Venancio Benavides
1811	May 15	Junta del Paraguay	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Paraguay	Pedro Caballero Fulgencio Yegros Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
1811	November 5	Primera Junta de San Salvador, in 1811 Independence Movement	Captaincy General of Guatemala	El Salvador	José Matías Delgado Manuel José Arce Pedro Pablo Castillo Juan Manuel Rodríguez
1814	August 3	Junta de Gobierno del Cuzco	Viceroyalty of Perú	Perú	Mateo Pumacahua Domingo Luis Astete Tomás Moscoso Hermanos Angulo

See also

In Spanish: Juntas de Gobierno de Hispanoamérica para niños

• Junta (Peninsular War)
• Retroversion of the sovereignty to the people
• Spanish colonization of the Americas