List of the prehistoric life of North Carolina facts for kids

This list of the prehistoric life of North Carolina contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of North Carolina.

Precambrian-Paleozoic

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian or Paleozoic fossils in North Carolina.

Mesozoic

Selected Mesozoic taxa of North Carolina

• Acesta
• Acirsa
• †Adocus
• 

  Illustration of the reconstructed skeleton of the Late Triassic Aetosaurus. Othniel Charles Marsh (1895).
  †Aetosaurus
• †Ampullina – tentative report
• †Anomia
• †Anomoeodus
• †Apatopus
• †Arca
• Architectonica
• †Arganodus
• Astarte – tentative report
• †Asteracanthus
• †Atreipus
• †Baena – tentative report
• †Baikuris – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• Barbatia
• 

  Fossilized guard of the Late Cretaceous belemnoid cephalopod Belemnitella
  †Belemnitella
  • †Belemnitella americana
• †Borealosuchus
  • †Borealosuchus formidabilis
• †Boreogomphodon
  • †Boreogomphodon jeffersoni
• Botula
  • †Botula carolinensis
• †Brachymeris
• †Brachyphyllum
• Caestocorbula
  • †Caestocorbula crassiplica
• Candona
• Carcharias – tentative report
• 

  Known material diagram illustrating a reconstructed skull and body of the Late Triassic distant crocodilian relative Carnufex
  †Carnufex – type locality for genus
  • †Carnufex carolinensis – type locality for species
• Cerithiella
  • †Cerithiella nodoliratum
  • †Cerithiella semirugatum
• †Cimolomys
• Cladophlebis
• Cliona
• †Coahomasuchus
• †Colognathus
• Corbula
• †Crenella
  • †Crenella serica
• 

  Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna
  †Cretolamna
• †Crosbysaurus
• Cucullaea
  • †Cucullaea capax
• Cylichna
• †Cylindracanthus
• †Cymella
• Cyzicus
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Alligator relative Deinosuchus
  †Deinosuchus
  • †Deinosuchus rugosus
• Dictyocephalus – type locality for genus
• †Diplurus
• †Dreissena – tentative report
• †Dromicosuchus – type locality for genus
  • †Dromicosuchus grallator – type locality for species
• †Egertonia
• †Enchodus
  • †Enchodus petrosus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Equisetum
• †Estheria
• 

  Shell of a Euspira moon sea snail
  †Euspira
• †Eutrephoceras
• †Exogyra
  • †Exogyra cancellata
  • †Exogyra costata
• Gegania
• Glycymeris
• †Gorgetosuchus – type locality for genus
• †Gorgosaurus
• †Hadrosaurus
  • †Hadrosaurus minor – tentative report
• 

  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Halisaurus
  †Halisaurus
• †Hamulus
• †Hybodus
  • †Hybodus montanensis
• †Hypophylloceras
• †Hypsibema – type locality for genus
  • †Hypsibema crassicauda – type locality for species
• †Inoceramus
• †Ischyodus
  • †Ischyodus bifurcatus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Ischyrhiza
  • †Ischyrhiza mira
• Isognomon
• Isurus
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Late Cretaceous alligator relative Leidyosuchus
  †Leidyosuchus – tentative report
• †Lepidodendron
• Lima
• Limatula
• †Linearis
• †Lingula
• †Linthia
• Lopha
  • †Lopha falcata
• †Lucasuchus
  • †Lucasuchus hunti
• †Lucina
• †Lytoceras
• Martesia – tentative report
• †Mecistotrachelos
  • †Mecistotrachelos apeoros
• Melanatria – tentative report
• †Morea
• 

  Life restoration of two of the Late Cretaceous Mosasaurus
  †Mosasaurus
• †Neocalamites
• Nerita
• Nucula
• Odontaspis
• †Ornithomimus – tentative report
• Ostrea
• †Pagiophyllum
• †Pannaulika
• Panopea
• †Paralbula
• †Paranomia
• †Pekinosaurus – type locality for genus
  • †Pekinosaurus olseni – type locality for species
• Pholadidea – tentative report
• Pholadomya
• Phyllodus
• †Pinna
• †Placenticeras – tentative report
• 

  Restoration of the Late Triassic synapsid (mammal precursor) Placerias with an anachronistic human to scale
  †Placerias
  • †Placerias hesternus
• †Platecarpus
• †Plinthogomphodon – type locality for genus
  • †Plinthogomphodon herpetairus – type locality for species
• Polinices
• †Postosuchus
  • †Postosuchus alisonae – type locality for species
• †Prognathodon
• †Protocardia
• †Pteria – tentative report
• †Pterophyllum
• †Pterotrigonia
  • †Pterotrigonia cerulea
  • †Pterotrigonia eufalensis
  • †Pterotrigonia eufaulensis
• Pycnodonte
  • †Pycnodonte belli
  • †Pycnodonte vesicularis
• †Revueltosaurus
  • †Revueltosaurus olseni
• †Rhombodus
• 

  Life restoration of the Late Triassic phytosaur Rutiodon
  †Rutiodon – type locality for genus
  • †Rutiodon carolinensis – type locality for species
• †Saurodon
• †Scapanorhynchus
  • †Scapanorhynchus texanus
• †Scoyenia – tentative report
• †Semionotus
• Serpula
• †Sphenodiscus
• 

  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous shark Squalicorax
  Squalicorax
  • †Squalicorax kaupi
  • †Squalicorax pristodontus
• Squatina
• †Stegomus
• †Stephanodus
• †Tanytrachelos – type locality for genus
  • †Tanytrachelos ahynis – type locality for species
• Trachycardium
• Trichotropis
• †Trigonia – tentative report
• Trionyx
• Turritella
  • †Turritella trilira
• 

  Restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Tylosaurus
  †Tylosaurus
• †Uatchitodon
  • †Uatchitodon schneideri – type locality for species
• †Williamsonia
• †Xiphactinus
  • †Xiphactinus audax
• †Zamites
  • †Zamites powelli

Cenozoic

Selected Cenozoic taxa of North Carolina

• Abies
• †Abies
• †Abra
• Acanthocybium
  • 

    A living Acanthocybium solandri, or wahoo
    †Acanthocybium solandri
• †Acantholambrus
  • †Acantholambrus baumi
• †Acarinina
• Acipenser
• Acrosterigma
• Acteocina
• †Actinocyclus
• Aequipecten
• Aesopus
  • †Aesopus stearnsii
• 

  A living Aetobatus eagle ray
  Aetobatus
• Agaronia
• Agassizia
  • †Agassizia scrobiculata
• Agatrix
• †Albertocetus – type locality for genus
• Alca
  • †Alca torda – or unidentified related form
• Alnus
• Alopias
  • †Alopias superciliosus
  • †Alopias vulpinus
• Alosa
  • †Alosa sapidissima – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  A living Aluterus filefish
  Aluterus
• †Ambrosia
• Americardia
  • †Americardia media
• Ammodytes
• Amusium
• †Anabernicula
• Anachis
• Anadara
  • †Anadara brasiliana
  • †Anadara floridana
  • †Anadara ovalis
  • †Anadara transversa
• Anas
  • †Anas acuta
  • †Anas americana
  • 

    A living Spatula clypeata, or northern shoveler
    †Anas clypeata
  • †Anas discors
  • †Anas platyrhynchos
• Angulus
• Anisotremus
• Anodontia
  • †Anodontia alba
• Anomia
  • †Anomia simplex
• †Anomotodon
• Anser
• 

  A living Apalone softshell turtle
  Apalone – or unidentified comparable form
• †Araeodelphis
• Arbacia
• Arca
• Architectonica
• †Archosargus
  • †Archosargus probatocephalus – or unidentified comparable form
• Arcinella
  • †Arcinella cornuta
• Ardea
  • †Ardea cinerea – or unidentified related form
• Argopecten
  • †Argopecten gibbus
  • †Argopecten irradians
• Argyrotheca
• †Artemisia
• Artena
• Astarte
• Astyris
  • †Astyris lunata
• Athleta
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene dolphin Atocetus
  †Atocetus – or unidentified related form
• Atrina
• †Aturia
• †Auroracetus – type locality for genus
• Auxis
• Axelella
• Aythya
  • †Aythya affinis – or unidentified related form
• Bagre
• Balaena
• Balaenoptera
  • †Balaenoptera acutorostrata
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene whale Balaenula
  †Balaenula
• Balanophyllia
• Balanus
• Balearica – tentative report
• Barbatia
• Barnea
• †Basilotritus
• †Belosaepia
• Betula
• Bittium
• †Bohaskaia
  • †Bohaskaia monodontoides
• Boonea
  • †Boonea impressa
  • †Boonea seminuda
• †Bootherium
  • †Bootherium bombifrons
• Boreotrophon – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• 

  Restoration of two of the Miocene-Pliocene bone-crushing dog genus Borophagus preying on a camel. Jay Matternes (1964).
  †Borophagus
  • †Borophagus dudleyi – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Borophagus orc – or unidentified comparable form
• Bostrycapulus
  • †Bostrycapulus aculeatus
• Botrychium
  • †Botrychium dissectum – or unidentified comparable form
• †Botryococcus
• Brachidontes
• Branta
  • †Branta bernicla – or unidentified related form
• †Brasenia
• Brotula
• Buccella
• Bucephala
  • †Bucephala albeola – or unidentified related form
  • †Bucephala clangula – or unidentified related form
• Bulweria – tentative report
• †Burnhamia
• Busycon
  • †Busycon carica
  • 

    Shell in multiple views of a Busycon contrarium whelk
    †Busycon contrarium
  • †Busycon perversum
• Busycotypus
  • †Busycotypus canaliculatus
• Buteo
  • †Buteo jamaicensis
• Cadulus
• Caecum
  • †Caecum imbricatum
  • †Caecum pulchellum
  • †Caecum regulare
• 

  Fossilized carapace of the Paleocene-Miocene crab Calappilia
  †Calappilia
• Calidris
  • †Calidris melanotos – or unidentified related form
• Callinectes
  • †Callinectes sapidus
• Calliostoma
• Callista
• †Callophoca
• Calonectris
  • †Calonectris borealis – or unidentified related form
  • †Calonectris diomedea – or unidentified related form
• Calotrophon
  • †Calotrophon ostrearum
• Calyptraea
  • †Calyptraea centralis
• 

  Modern shell of a Cancellaria nutmeg snail
  Cancellaria
• Capella
  • †Capella media – or unidentified related form
• Carcharhinus
  • †Carcharhinus brachyurus
  • †Carcharhinus falciformis
  • †Carcharhinus leucas
  • †Carcharhinus macloti
  • †Carcharhinus obscurus
  • †Carcharhinus perezi
  • †Carcharhinus plumbeus
• Carcharias
  • †Carcharias taurus
• Carcharodon
  • †Carcharodon carcharias
  • 

    Fossilized tooth of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Cosmopolitodus hastalis, or broad-toothed mako
    †Carcharodon hastalis
• Carditamera
• Caretta
• Carya
• Cassidulina
• †Cassigerinella
  • †Cassigerinella chipolensis
• Cassis
• Castanea
• Catharacta
• †Caulolatilus
  • †Caulolatilus cyanops – or unidentified comparable form
• †Cavilucina
• Centropristis
  • †Centropristis striata – or unidentified comparable form
• Cerastoderma
• 

  Illustration of a living Ceratoscopelus lanternfish
  Ceratoscopelus
• Cerithiopsis
  • †Cerithiopsis vinca
• Cerithium
  • †Cerithium eburneum
• Cerodrillia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †Cerodrillia simpsoni
• †Cerorhinca
• Cetorhinus
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium
  †Cetotherium
• Chaetopleura
• Chama
  • †Chama congregata
  • †Chama macerophylla
• Chamelea
• Chelonia – tentative report
• Chelonibia
• Chemnitzia
• †Chesapecten
  • †Chesapecten jeffersonius
• Chilomycterus
  • 

    A living Chilomycterus schoepfi, or striped burrfish
    †Chilomycterus schoepfi
  • †Chilomycterus schoepfii
• Chione
  • †Chione cancellata
• Chlamys
• Chrysemys
• Cibicides
• Ciconia
• Cidaris
• Circulus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• 

  A living Citharichthys large-tooth flounder
  Citharichthys
• Cladocora
• †Cladogramma
• Clathrodrillia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• Clathrus
• Clavatula
• †Clavicula
• Clavilithes – or unidentified comparable form
• Clavus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• †Claytonia – type locality for genus
• Cliona – tentative report
• Closia
• Cochliolepis
• 

  A Coelopleurus sea urchin
  Coelopleurus
• Colubraria
• †Colymboides – tentative report
• Compsodrillia
• Concavus
• Conger
  • †Conger oceanicus – or unidentified comparable form
• Conus
• Corbicula
• Corbula
• Corvus
  • 

    A living Corvus ossifragus, or fish crow
    †Corvus ossifragus – or unidentified related form
• †Corylus
• †Coscinodiscus
• †Cosmodiscus
• Cotonopsis
  • †Cotonopsis lafresnayi
• Crania
• †Craspedodiscus
  • †Crassinella lunulata
• Crassispira
• Crassostrea
  • †Crassostrea virginica
• †Crenatocetus – type locality for genus
• Crenella
• Crepidula
  • †Crepidula convexa
  • †Crepidula fornicata
  • †Crepidula plana
• Crucibulum
• Cumingia
• 

  Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene elephant relative Cuvieronius
  †Cuvieronius
• Cyclocardia
• Cygnus
  • †Cygnus columbianus – or unidentified related form
• Cylichna
• †Cylindracanthus
• Cymatium
• †Cymatosira
• Cymatosyrinx
• Cynoscion
  • †Cynoscion nebulosus – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene whale Cynthiacetus
  †Cynthiacetus
• Cypraea
• Dasyatis
  • †Dasyatis americana – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Dasyatis centroura
  • †Dasyatis say
• †Deinosuchus
  • †Deinosuchus rugosus
• Delphinapterus
• Delphinus
• 

  Shell of a Dentalium tusk shell
  Dentalium
• †Denticula
• Dentimargo
• Dermomurex
• †Dictyocha
• †Didianema
• Dinocardium
  • †Dinocardium robustum
• Diodora
  • †Diplodonta punctata
• †Distephanus
• Distorsio
• Donax
  • †Donax fossor
  • †Donax variabilis
• Dosinia
  • †Dosinia discus
• Echinocardium
• Echinorhinus
• †Ecphora
• †Ectopistes
  • 

    Taxidermied male Ectopistes migratorius, or passenger pigeon
    †Ectopistes migratorius – or unidentified related form
• Electra
• Elphidium
• Emarginula
• Ensis
  • †Ensis directus
• Epinephelus
• Epitonium
  • †Epitonium humphreysii
• Equetus
• Ervilia
• Erycina
• Eudocimus
• Eulima
• Eupleura
  • †Eupleura caudata
• 

  Shell of a Euspira moon sea snail
  Euspira
  • †Euspira heros
• †Eutrephoceras
• Euvola
  • †Euvola raveneli
• Fabella
• Fasciolaria
  • †Fasciolaria tulipa
• Fenimorea
• †Ficopsis
• Ficus
  • †Ficus communis
• Flabellum
• Fratercula
  • 

    A living Fratercula arctica, or Atlantic puffin
    †Fratercula arctica – or unidentified related form
  • †Fratercula cirrhata – or unidentified related form
• †Fraxinus
• Fulgurofusus
• Fusinus
• Gadus
  • †Gadus morhua – or unidentified comparable form
• Galeocerdo
  • †Galeocerdo contortus
  • †Galeocerdo cuvier – or unidentified comparable form
• Galeodea
• Galeorhinus
  • 

    A living Galeorhinus galeus school shark
    †Galeorhinus galeus
• Gari
• Gastrochaena
• Gavia
• Gemma
  • †Gemma gemma
• Geochelone
• Geodia
• †Gigantostrea
• Ginglymostoma
• 

  A living Globicephala, or pilot whale
  Globicephala
• Globigerina
  • †Globigerina bulloides
• Globigerinoides
  • †Globorotalia menardii
• Glossus
• Glycymeris
  • †Glycymeris americana
• Glyphostoma
• Glyphoturris
  • †Glyphoturris eritima
• Glyptoactis
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium
  †Gomphotherium
• Granulina
• Grus
  • †Grus americana – or unidentified related form
  • †Grus antigone – or unidentified related form
• †Gryphoca
• †Hadrosaurus
• Haematopus
  • †Haematopus ostralegus – or unidentified related form
  • †Haematopus palliatus – or unidentified related form
• Haustator – tentative report
• Heilprinia
• †Heliornis
  • †Heliornis fulica – or unidentified related form
• 

  Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia
  †Hemiauchenia – or unidentified comparable form
• Hemipristis
  • †Hemipristis serra
• †Hemirhabdorhynchus
• †Herpetocetus
• Heterodontus
• Hexanchus
• Hiatella
  • †Hiatella arctica
• Histrionicus
  • †Histrionicus histrionicus – or unidentified related form
• †Homiphoca
• Hyalina
• †Hyalodiscus
• Hydroides – tentative report
• †Hypogaleus
• Ilyanassa
  • †Ilyanassa obsoleta
  • †Ilyanassa trivittata
• Ischadium
  • †Ischadium recurvum
• 

  A modern Isistius dogfish
  Isistius
• Isoetes
• Isognomon
• Istiophorus
  • †Istiophorus platypterus
• Isurus
  • †Isurus oxyrinchus
• Ithycythara
  • †Ithycythara psila
• Juniperus
  • †Juniperus virginiana – or unidentified comparable form
• †Kellum
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon
  †Kentriodon
• Kogia – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Kogia breviceps
• †Kogiopsis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Kogiopsis floridana
• Kuphus
• Kurtziella
  • †Kurtziella cerina
• †Kyptoceras
• Laevicardium
  • †Laevicardium mortoni
• Lagena
• 

  Living Lagenorhynchus dolphins
  Lagenorhynchus
• †Lagodon
  • †Lagodon rhomboides – or unidentified comparable form
• Lamna
• Larus
  • †Larus argentatus – or unidentified related form
  • †Larus atricilla – or unidentified related form
  • †Larus delawarensis – or unidentified related form
  • †Larus minutus – or unidentified related form
• Leiostomus
• 

  A living Lepidochelys, or ridley sea turtle
  Lepidochelys
• Limaria
• Linga
• †Linthia
• Liquidambar
• Littoraria
  • †Littoraria irrorata
• Littorina
• †Lonicera
• Lophius
  • 

    Mounted skeleton of a Lophius americanus, or American anglerfish
    †Lophius americanus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Lophocetus – or unidentified related form
• Lopholatilus
  • †Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
• Lucina
  • †Lucina pensylvanica
• Lyria
• Macoma
• Macrocallista
  • †Macrocallista nimbosa
• †Macromphalina
  • †Macromphalina pierrot
• Makaira
  • †Makaira indica
  • †Makaira nigricans
• †Mammut
  • 

    Restoration of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon
    †Mammut americanum
• Manta
• Maretia
• Marginella
• Megachasma
• Megalops
  • †Megalops atlanticus – or unidentified comparable form
• Megaptera
• †Meherrinia – type locality for genus
  • †Meherrinia isoni – type locality for species
• Meiocardia
• Melanella
  • †Melanella conoidea
• Melanitta
  • †Melanitta nigra – or unidentified related form
  • †Melanitta perspicillata – or unidentified related form
• Melanogrammus
  • †Melanogrammus aeglefinus – or unidentified comparable form
• Meleagris
• Menippe – tentative report
• Mercenaria
  • †Mercenaria mercenaria
• Meretrix
• Mergus
  • 

    A living Mergus serrator, or red-breasted merganser
    †Mergus serrator – or unidentified related form
• Merluccius
  • †Merluccius albidus
  • †Merluccius bilinearis – or unidentified comparable form
• Mesoplodon
• Metulella
• Microgadus
  • †Microgadus tomcod – or unidentified comparable form
• Micropogonias
• Mitra
• Mitrella
• Mobula
• Modiolus
  • †Modiolus modiolus
• Mola
• 

  A living Monodon monoceros, or narwhal
  Monodon – or unidentified comparable form
• Morus
• Muellerina
• Mulinia
  • †Mulinia lateralis
• Musculus
  • †Musculus lateralis
• Mustelus
• †Mya
  • †Mya arenaria
• Mycteroperca
• Myliobatis
• Myriophyllum
• Mytilus
• 

  Partial fossilized mandible of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Nannippus
  †Nannippus
• †Nanosiren – tentative report
• Nassarius
  • †Nassarius acutus
  • †Nassarius antillarum
  • †Nassarius vibex
• Naticarius
• †Navicula
• Negaprion
  • †Negaprion brevirostris
• †Neohipparion
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene Neophrontops
  Neophrontops – tentative report
• Neverita
• Niso
• †Nitzschia
• Niveria
  • †Niveria suffusa
• Notorynchus
• Nucula
  • †Nucula proxima
  • †Nuculana acuta
• Numenius
  • †Numenius borealis – or unidentified related form
• †Nuphar
• Nymphaea
• †Nyssa
• Odontaspis
  • 

    A living Odontaspis ferox, or smalltooth sand tiger
    †Odontaspis ferox
• Odostomia
  • †Odostomia acutidens
• Oliva
  • †Oliva sayana
• Olivella
  • †Olivella minuta
  • †Olivella mutica
• Onoba
• †Ontocetus – type locality for genus
  • †Ontocetus emmonsi – type locality for species
• Oocorys
• Ophidion
• †Opsanus
  • †Opsanus tau
• Ortalis – tentative report
• †Orycterocetus
• †Osmunda
  • †Osmunda regalis
• Ostrea
  • †Ostrea compressirostra
• Ostrya
• †Otodus
  • 

    Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
    †Otodus megalodon
• Pachyptila
• Pagrus
• Pandion
• Pandora
• Panopea
• Paragaleus
• †Paralia
• Paralichthys
• †Parotodus
  • †Parotodus benedenii
• Parvanachis
  • †Parvanachis obesa
• Pecten
• †Pediastrum
• †Pediomeryx
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Pleistocene false-toothed bird Pelagornis
  †Pelagornis
• Pelecanus
  • †Pelecanus schreiberi – type locality for species
• Perotrochus
• Petaloconchus
• Petricola
  • †Petricola pholadiformis
• Phalacrocorax
• Phalium
• †Phocageneus – or unidentified related form
• †Phocanella
• †Phoebastria
  • †Phoebastria albatrus – or unidentified related form
  • †Phoebastria immutabilis – or unidentified related form
  • †Phoebastria nigripes – or unidentified related form
• 

  Two Phoenicopterus, or flamingos
  Phoenicopterus
• Pholadomya
• Phyllonotus
  • †Phyllonotus pomum
• Physeter – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Physeter macrocephalus
• †Physeterula – or unidentified comparable form
• Picea
• †Pinguinus
  • †Pinguinus alfrednewtoni – type locality for species
• Pinna – tentative report
• Pinus
  • †Pinus palustris – or unidentified comparable form
• Pisania
• Pitar
  • †Pitar morrhuanus
• Placopecten
  • †Placopecten magellanicus – or unidentified related form
• †Platyphoca
• 

  Fossilized vertebra of the Miocene-Pleistocene baleen whale Plesiocetus
  †Plesiocetus – or unidentified comparable form
• Pleurofusia
• Pleuromeris
  • †Pleuromeris tridentata
• Pleurotomaria
• Plicatula
  • †Plicatula gibbosa
• Pluvialis
  • †Pluvialis squatarola – or unidentified related form
• Podiceps
  • †Podiceps auritus
• Pogonias
  • †Pogonias cromis – or unidentified comparable form
• Polinices
• Polydora
• Polygireulima
• Polygonum
• Polymesoda
  • †Polymesoda caroliniana
• Pomatomus
• 

  Living Pontederia pickerel weeds
  †Pontederia
• Pontoporia – or unidentified comparable form
• Populus
• †Potamogeton
• Prionotus
  • †Prionotus evolans – or unidentified comparable form
• Pristiophorus
• Pristis
• Procellaria
  • †Procellaria aequinoctialis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Procellaria parkinsoni – or unidentified comparable form
• †Procolpochelys
• †Protosiren
• Prunum
  • †Prunum bellum
  • †Prunum roscidum
• Psammechinus
• †Psephophorus
• 

  Replica of a fossilized cranium of the Miocene horse Pseudhipparion
  †Pseudhipparion
• Pseudochama
• Pseudorca
• Pseudotorinia
• Pteria
• Pterodroma
  • †Pterodroma lessonii
• †Pterodromoides
  • †Pterodromoides minoricensis
• Pteromeris
  • †Pteromeris perplana
• Pteromylaeus
• 

  Illustration of a living Pterothrissus gissu, or Japanese gissu
  Pterothrissus
• †Ptychosalpinx
• Puffinus
  • †Puffinus gravis – or unidentified related form
  • †Puffinus lherminieri
  • †Puffinus pacificoides – or unidentified related form
  • †Puffinus puffinus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Puffinus tenuirostris – or unidentified related form
• Pugnus
• Puncturella
• Purpura
• Purpurellus
• Pusula
  • †Pusula pediculus
• Pycnodonte
• Pyramidella
• †Quadrans
• 

  A living Quercus, or oak tree
  Quercus
• Raja
• Rangia
• Ranina – type locality for genus
• Ranunculus
• Retilaskeya
  • †Retilaskeya bicolor
• Rhincodon
• Rhinobatos
• Rhinoptera
• Rhizoprionodon – tentative report
• Rhynchobatus
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene elephant relative Rhynchotherium
  †Rhynchotherium
• Ringicula
• Rissoina
• †Robinia – type locality for genus
• Rosalina
• Sagittaria
• †Sanguisorba
  • †Sanguisorba canadensis
• †Sarda
  • †Sarda sarda – or unidentified related form
• 

  Fossilized teeth of the Neogene sperm whale Scaldicetus
  †Scaldicetus – or unidentified comparable form
• Scaphella
• Schizaster
• Sciaenops
  • †Sciaenops ocellatus
• †Scoliodon
• Sconsia
• †Scutella
• Scyliorhinus
• Seila
  • †Seila adamsii
• Semele
• Semicassis
• 

  A living Seriola, or amberjack
  Seriola
• Serpulorbis
• †Sheldonia – type locality for genus
• Siliqua
• Sinum
  • †Sinum perspectivum
• Siphonalia
• Siphonochelus
• Solariella
• Solen
• Solenosteira
  • †Solenosteira cancellaria
• Somateria
  • 

    A living Somateria mollissima, or common eider
    †Somateria mollissima – or unidentified related form
• Sphagnum
• †Sphoeroides
• Sphyraena
  • †Sphyraena barracuda – or unidentified comparable form
• Sphyrna
  • †Sphyrna lewini
  • †Sphyrna media – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Sphyrna zygaena
• Spisula
• Spondylus
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon
  †Squalodon
  • †Squalodon calvertensis
• Squalus
• Squatina
• Stellatoma – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †Stellatoma stellata
• †Stelletta
• Stenella
  • †Stenotomus chrysops – or unidentified comparable form
• Stercorarius
  • †Stercorarius longicaudus – or unidentified related form
  • †Stercorarius parasiticus – or unidentified related form
  • †Stercorarius pomarinus – or unidentified related form
• Sterna
  • 

    A living Thalasseus maximus, or royal tern
    †Sterna maxima – or unidentified related form
  • †Sterna nilotica – or unidentified related form
• Stewartia
• †Striatolamia
• Strioterebrum
• Strombiformis
• Strombina
• Strombus
• †Syllomus
• Symphurus
• Syntomodrillia
  • †Syntomodrillia lissotropis
• Tagelus
• 

  A living Tapirus, or tapir
  Tapirus
  • †Tapirus veroensis
• Tautoga
  • †Tautoga onitis – or unidentified comparable form
• Taxodium
  • †Taxodium distichum
• Tectonatica
  • †Tectonatica pusilla
• Teinostoma
• Tellina
• 

  Shell in multiple views of a Tenagodus sea snail
  Tenagodus
• Terebra
  • †Terebra protexta
• Terebratula
• †Tetraedron
• †Tetrapturus
  • †Tetrapturus albidus
• Thais
• †Thalassinoides
• †Thalassiosira
• †Thalictrum
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa
  †Thecachampsa
  • †Thecachampsa antiqua
• Thracia
• Thunnus
  • †Thunnus thynnus
• Timoclea
• Trachycardium
  • †Trachycardium isocardia
  • †Trachycardium muricatum
• †Triaenodon
  • 

    A living Triaenodon obesus, or whitetip reef shark
    †Triaenodon obesus
• Trigonostoma
• †Trinacria
• Tringa
  • †Tringa ochropus – or unidentified related form
• Trionyx
• Triphora
• Trochita
• Tucetona
• Turbo
  • †Turbo castanea
• Turbonilla
  • †Turbonilla abrupta
  • †Turbonilla interrupta
  • †Turbonilla nivea
• Turritella
• 

  A living Tursiops, or bottlenose dolphin
  Tursiops
• Typha
• Typhis
• Urophycis
  • †Urophycis tenuis
• Urosalpinx
  • †Urosalpinx cinerea
  • †Urosalpinx perrugata
• Vasum
• Venericardia
• Vermicularia
  • †Vermicularia knorrii – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Vermicularia spirata
• Verticordia
• Vexillum
  • †Vexillum wandoense
• †Viburnum
• Viviparus – tentative report
• Volutifusus
• Volvarina
  • †Volvarina avena
• Xenophora
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus
  †Xiphiacetus
• Xiphias
  • †Xiphias gladius
• †Xiphiorhynchus
• Yoldia
  • †Yoldia limatula
• Ziphius
  • †Ziphius cavirostris – or unidentified comparable form