Kingdom of England facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Kingdom of England
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Motto:
"Dieu et mon droit" (French) "God and my right" |
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Location of the Kingdom of England in 1700
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| Capital |
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| Common languages |
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| Religion | Christianity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Heptarchy (5th century – 10th century) Elective monarchy (10th century – 1066) Absolute monarchy (1066-1215) Unitary parliamentary monarchy (1215-1649) Commonwealth (1649-1660) Unitary parliamentary monarchy (1660-1707) |
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| Monarch | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• 927–939
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Æthelstan (first) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• 1702–1707
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Anne (last) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legislature | Parliament | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House of Lords | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| House of Commons | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 927 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 October 1066 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1277–1283 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1535–1542 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 March 1603 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 December 1688 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 May 1707 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1283–1542 est. | 145,000 km2 (56,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1542–1707 est. | 151,000 km2 (58,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• 1283
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2,600,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• 1542
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3,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• 1707
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5,750,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Pound sterling | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | GB-ENG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Kingdom of England (Anglo-Norman was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
On 12 July 927, the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by Æthelstan to form the Kingdom of England. In 1016, the kingdom became part of the North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway. The Norman conquest of England in 1066 led to the transfer of the English capital city and chief royal residence from the Anglo-Saxon one at Winchester to Westminster, and the City of London quickly established itself as England's largest and principal commercial centre.
Histories of the kingdom of England from the Norman conquest of 1066 distinguish periods named after successive ruling dynasties: Norman 1066–1154, Plantagenet 1154–1485, Tudor 1485–1603 and Stuart 1603–1714. All English monarchs after 1066 ultimately claim descent from the Normans.
The completion of the conquest of Wales by Edward I in 1284 put Wales under the control of the English crown. Edward III (reigned 1327–1377) transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe; his reign also saw vital developments in legislation and government—in particular the evolution of the English parliament.
From the 1340s the kings of England also laid claim to the crown of France, but after the Hundred Years' War and the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses in 1455, the English were no longer in any position to pursue their French claims and lost all their land on the continent, except for Calais.
After the turmoils of the Wars of the Roses, the Tudor dynasty ruled during the English Renaissance and again extended English monarchical power beyond England proper, achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542. Henry VIII oversaw the English Reformation, and his daughter Elizabeth I (reigned 1558–1603) the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, meanwhile establishing England as a great power and laying the foundations of the British Empire by claiming possessions in the New World.
From the accession of James VI and I in 1603, the Stuart dynasty ruled England in personal union with Scotland and Ireland. Under the Stuarts, the kingdom plunged into civil war, which ended up with the execution of Charles I in 1649.
The monarchy returned in 1660, but the Civil War had established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without the consent of Parliament. This concept became legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
From this time the kingdom of England, as well as its successor state the United Kingdom, functioned in effect as a constitutional monarchy. On 1 May 1707, under the terms of the Acts of Union 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Images for kids
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The dominions of Cnut the Great (1014–1035)
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King John signs Magna Carta at Runnymede in 1215, surrounded by his baronage. Illustration from Cassell's History of England, 1902.
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Fifteenth-century miniature depicting the English victory over France at the Battle of Agincourt.
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Portrait of Elizabeth I made to commemorate the defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588), depicted in the background. Elizabeth's international power is symbolised by the hand resting on the globe.
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Cromwell at Dunbar. Oliver Cromwell united the whole of the British Isles by force and created the Commonwealth of England.
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See also
In Spanish: Reino de Inglaterra para niños
