Canute facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Cnut the Great |
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| King of England, Denmark, Norway and a part of Sweden | |
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| Reign | England 1016-12 November 1035 Denmark 1018-12 November 1035 Norway 1028-1035 Part of Sweden 1028-12 November 1035 |
| Predecessor | Edmund Ironside (England) Harald II (Denmark) Olaf the Stout (Norway) Anund Jacob (Part of Sweden) |
| Successor | Harold Harefoot (England) Harthacanute (Denmark) Magnus I (Norway) Anund Jacob (Part of Sweden) |
| Born | ca. 985, 995 Denmark |
| Died | 1035 Shaftesbury, Dorset, England |
| Burial | Old Minster, Winchester, England. Bones now in Winchester Cathedral, England |
| Father | Sweyn I |
Canute (or Cnut the Great) (ca. 995–12 November 1035) was a Viking King of England, Denmark, Norway, part of Sweden and governor or overlord of Schleswig and Pomerania. Danish influence in the North Sea region was never greater than in his time. He had treaties with the Holy Roman Emperors, Henry II and Conrad II and good relations with the popes of his time.
Canute was the only man to be King of England, Denmark and Norway. He also ruled part of Sweden.
Conquest of England
In the summer of 1015, Canute's fleet set sail for England with a Danish army of perhaps 10,000 in 200 longships. Cnut was at the head of an array of Vikings from all over Scandinavia. The invasion force was to be in often close and grisly warfare with the English for the next fourteen months. Practically all of the battles were fought against Aethelred's son, Edmund Ironside.
After ascending the throne in 1016, Canute executed many of Edmund's followers, to make his crown safe.
Family
Canute, a Christian, had two wives. His first wife, or perhaps concubine, was called Ælfgifu. She was a handfast wife, meaning the marriage was made by joining hands, not by a church ceremony. This was legal at that time. She became his northern queen.
His second wife was Emma of Normandy, who was also called Ælfgifu in Old English. Their wedding was a Christian wedding. She was kept in the south, with an estate in Exeter.
Both wives bore sons who became kings of England. Canute kept the Church sweet with many gifts.
Issue
- 1 – Ælfgifu of Northampton
- Sweyn Knutsson, King of Norway
- Harold Harefoot, King of England
- 2 – Emma of Normandy
- Harthacanute, King of Denmark and England
- Gunhilda of Denmark, wed Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor.
Canute and the waves
There is a story that Canute sat on his throne ordering the sea to turn back. We do not know whether this really happened. It seems to come from Henry of Huntington (c. 1088 – c. 1154). He relates it as follows:
"When King Cnute had reigned for twenty years, he departed this life at Shaftesbury and was buried at Winchester in the Old Minster. A few words must be devoted to the power of this king. Before him there had never been in England a king of such great authority. He was lord of all Denmark, of all England, of all Norway, and also of Scotland. In addition to the many wars in which he was most particularly illustrious, he performed three fine and magnificent deeds....The third, that when he was at the height of his ascendancy, he ordered his chair to be placed on the sea-shore as the tide was coming in. Then he said to the rising tide, 'You are subject to me, as the land on which I am sitting is mine, and no one has resisted my overlordship with impunity. I command you, therefore, not to rise on to my land, nor to presume to wet the clothing or limbs of your master.' But the sea came up as usual, and disrespectfully drenched the king's feet and shins. So jumping back, the king cried, 'Let all the world know that the power of kings is empty and worthless, and there is no king worthy of the name save Him by whose will heaven, earth, and sea obey eternal laws.' Thereafter King Cnut never wore the golden crown on his neck, but placed it on the image of the crucified Lord, in eternal praise of God the great king. By whose mercy may the soul of King Cnut enjoy rest."
Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum (VI.17)
Images for kids
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This runestone, U 194, in memory of a Viking known as Alli, says he won Knútr's payment in England.
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Cnut in the late thirteenth-century Genealogical Chronicle of the English Kings.
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Coins of Cnut the Great, British Museum
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Coins of Cnut the Great, British Museum
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Coins of Cnut the Great, British Museum
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Angels crown Cnut as he and Emma of Normandy (Ælfgifu) present a large gold cross to Hyde Abbey in Winchester. From the liber vitae in the British Library.
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14th-century portrait of Cnut the Great
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Canute Reproving His Courtiers (1848)
See also
In Spanish: Canuto II de Dinamarca para niños
