Aramaic language facts for kids

Arāmāyā in Syriac Esṭrangelā script

Syriac-Aramaic alphabet

A pot sherd with Aramaic characters

Inscription in Aramaic, found near Palmyra, modern-day Syria. This inscription is in the Louvre, in Paris

Aramaic is a Semitic language. It has been written for 3100 years and has been spoken for longer than that.

It is one of the Northwest Semitic languages. The Semitic languages include Aramaic, Hebrew, Arabic and many other languages.

Aramaic is the language of long parts of the two Bible books of Daniel and Ezra. It is the language of the Jewish Talmud.

Words are written with the 22 characters of the Aramaic alphabet, which was widely adopted for other languages and is an ancestor to the Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic alphabets.

History

Aramaic is the language of long parts of the two Bible books of Daniel and Ezra. It is the language of the Jewish Talmud.

In the 12th century BC, the first speakers of Aramaic started to live in what is now Syria, Iraq and eastern Turkey. As the bureaucratic language of the Achaemenid Empire, it became the most important language in the Middle East. Jewish speakers took the language with them to North Africa and Europe. Christian speakers took the language with them to Persia, India and even China.

In the 7th century AD, Aramaic stopped being the most important language in the Middle East. The Arabic language became the new important language. Aramaic is still spoken by scattered communities of Jews, Mandaeans and some Christians. Small groups of people still speak Aramaic in different parts of the Middle East. The wars of the last two centuries have made many speakers leave their homes to live in different places around the world. Today, between 500.000 and 850.000 people speak Aramaic languages.

Dialects

Aramaic is not one language without any changes. Because many different people over many centuries spoke and wrote it, there are many different types of Aramaic languages, called dialects, but some of them are so different that they are like different languages.

The different dialects make two groups: an Eastern group and a Western group. The division between them is around the River Euphrates.

The dialects are divided also by time. Old Aramaic is the name of the oldest dialects, which only scholars learn. Middle Aramaic is the group of dialects, which are used not every day but for special things like writing and religion. Modern Aramaic is the group of dialects that is used every day by some groups.

Images for kids

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  The Carpentras Stele was the first ancient inscription ever identified as "Aramaic". Although it was first published in 1704, it was not identified as Aramaic until 1821, when Ulrich Friedrich Kopp complained that previous scholars had left everything "to the Phoenicians and nothing to the Arameans, as if they could not have written at all".

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  Syriac inscription at the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church's Major Archbishop's House in Kerala, India

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  11th century book in Syriac Serto

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  One of the Bar-Rakib inscriptions from Sam'al. The inscription is in the Samalian language (also considered a dialect).

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  Coin of Alexander the Great bearing an Aramaic language inscription

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  The Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription (Greek and Aramaic) by the Indian king Ashoka, 3rd century BC at Kandahar, Afghanistan

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  11th century Hebrew Bible with Targum intercalated between verses of Hebrew text

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  Mandaic magical "demon trap"

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  9th century Syriac Estrangela manuscript of John Chrysostom's Homily on the Gospel of John

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  Hebrew (left) and Aramaic (right) in parallel in a 1299 Hebrew Bible held by the Bodleian Library

See also

In Spanish: Lenguas arameas para niños