Tata Group facts for kids

Quick facts for kids
Tata Group

Type	Corporate group
Industry	Conglomerate
Founded	1868; 156 years ago (1868)
Founder	Jamsetji Tata
Headquarters	Bombay House, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Ratan Tata (Chairman Emeritus) Natarajan Chandrasekaran (Chairman & Managing Director) S Parmar (chief corporate counsel)
Products	Automotive Chemicals Defence Electronics FMCG Jewellers Home appliances Salt Steel Cement Tea
Services	Airlines Aerospace Consultancy Electric utility Electric power Finance Hospitality Hotels Information technology Retail E-commerce Real estate Telecommunications
Revenue	₹1,200,000 crore (US$200 billion) (FY 2023)
Number of employees	1,028,000 (FY 2023)
Subsidiaries	35 (See full list)

The Tata Group (/ˈtɑːtɑː/) is a group of companies headquartered in Mumbai, India. Established in 1868, it is India's largest conglomerate, with products and services in over 150 countries, and operations in 100 countries.

There are 29 publicly listed Tata Group companies with a combined market capitalisation of ₹31.6 trillion (US$382 billion) as of 8 March 2024. Major affiliates include Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Motors, Tata Projects, Tata Power, Titan, Tata Steel, Air India, Indian Hotels Company, Tata Consumer Products, Voltas, Trent, Cromā and BigBasket.

The company has attracted controversy for reports of political corruption, environmental issues, land grabbing, cronyism, theft, mass killings, and exploitation of its customers, Indian citizens, and natural resources.

History

1839–1904

Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore foundation was laid by Jamshedji Tata

Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata was born in 1839. Tata graduated from Elphinstone College in Bombay in 1858. Shortly afterwards, he joined his father's trading firm that dealt in general merchandise. There, the junior Tata took a special interest in developing trade with China.

The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in Mumbai is owned by Tata Group

When the American Civil War caused a boom in the Bombay cotton market, Tata and his father joined the Asiatic Banking Corporation. When the tide ebbed, Tata's credit was left desolate. Fortunately, the firm's credit was re-established during the next three years. A share in the lucrative contract for the commissariat of Napier's expedition to Abyssinia in 1868 restored the family fortune." In 1870 with Rs.21,000 capital, he founded a trading company. Further, he bought a bankrupt oil mill at Chinchpokli and converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill which he sold for a profit after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at Nagpur named Empress Mill. He dreamed of achieving four goals, setting up an iron and steel company, a unique hotel, a world-class learning institution, and a hydroelectric plant. During his lifetime, in 1903, the Taj Mahal Hotel at Colaba waterfront was opened making it the first hotel with electricity in British India.

1904–1938

After Jamsetji's death, his older son Dorabji Tata became the chairman in 1904. Sir Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), now known as Tata Steel in 1907. Marking the group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first overseas office in London. Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro plant was brought to life, giving birth to Tata Power. Yet another dream, Indian Institute of Science was established with the first group of students admitted in 1911.

1938–1991

J. R. D. Tata became chairman of Tata Group from 1938 - 1991

J. R. D. Tata was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship, the assets of the Tata Group grew from US$101 million to over US$5 billion. Starting with 14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the company had either started or in which they held a controlling interest. New sectors such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, tea, and software services earned them recognition.

In 1932, JRD founded an airline, known as Tata Air Services (later renamed Tata Airlines). In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from Tata Sons, though JRD Tata would continue as chairman till 1977.

In 1945, Tata Motors was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with Daimler-Benz. In 1968, Tata Consultancy Services was founded.

1991–Present

Ratan Tata, the former chairman of the company led the acquisition of several companies by Tata Group

In 1991, Ratan Tata became chairman of Tata Group. This was also the year of economic liberalization in India, opening up the market to foreign competitors. During this time, Tata Group began to acquire several companies. Tata Group bought Tetley In February 2000. After that, it acquired Corus Group in 2007. In the year 2008, it acquired Jaguar and Land Rover. The company's subsidiary Tata Motors launched the Tata Nano which they presented as "the world’s most affordable car" in 2008.

In 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman. He was instrumental in restructuring business verticals and increasing promoter stake ownership in companies. Under his leadership, the group made acquisitions through insolvency law and investments in E-commerce, expanded its airline business by winning a bid for Air India, and completely bought Air Asia India. He has mentioned the future strategy is to focus on healthcare, electronics, and digital.

Tata Owned Air India got approval to acquire AirAsia India, nearly two months after putting forth the proposal. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the acquisition of the entire shareholding in Air Asia India by Tata-owned Air India.

Chairman

The chairman of Tata Sons is usually the chairman of the Tata Group. As of 2020, there have been seven chairmen of Tata Group.

• Jamsetji Tata (1868–1904)
• Sir Dorabji Tata (1904–1932)
• Sir Nowroji Saklatwala (1932–1938)
• J. R. D. Tata (1938–1991)
• Ratan Tata (1991–2012)
• Cyrus Mistry (2012–2016)
• Ratan Tata (2016–2017)
• Natarajan Chandrasekaran (2017–present)

Affiliated companies

Tata Steel plant in Jamshedpur

Acquisitions

• February 2000 – Tetley Tea Company, $407 million
• March 2004 – Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company, $102 million
• August 2004 – NatSteel's Steel business, $292 million
• November 2004 – Tyco Global Network, $130 million
• July 2005 – Teleglobe International Holdings, $239 million
• October 2005 – Good Earth Corporation
• December 2005 – Millennium Steel, Thailand, $165 million
• December 2005 – Brunner Mond Chemicals, $10 million
• June 2006 – Eight O'Clock Coffee, $220 million
• November 2006 – Ritz Carlton Boston, $170 million
• January 2007 – Corus Group, $12 billion
• March 2007 – PT Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) (Bumi Resources), $1.1 billion
• April 2007 – Campton Place Hotel, San Francisco, $60 million
• January 2008 – Imacid Chemical Company, Morocco
• February 2008 – General Chemical Industrial Products, $1 billion
• March 2008 – Jaguar Cars and Land Rover, $2.3 billion
• March 2008 – Serviplem SA, Spain
• April 2008 – Comoplesa Lebrero SA, Spain
• May 2008 – Piaggio Aero Industries S.p.A., Italy - Sold Off in 2015
• June 2008 – China Enterprise Communications, China
• October 2008 – Miljo Grenland / Innovasjon, Norway
• April 2010 – Hewitt Robins International, United Kingdom
• July 2013 – Alti SA, France
• December 2014 – Energy Products Limited, India
• June 2016 – Welspun Renewables Energy, India
• May 2018 – Bhushan Steel Limited, India
• February 2021 - BigBasket (68%) by Tata Digital
• June 2021 - 1mg (55%) by Tata Digital
• October 2021 – Air India, Air India Express and 50% stake in Air India SATS for ₹18,000 crore (US$3.1 billion).
• January 2022 - Nilachala Ispat Nigam Ltd, $1.5 billion

Former companies

• Tata Interactive Systems
• Tata Oil Mills Company and its subsidiary Lakmé Cosmetics

Philanthropy

Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous research, educational and cultural institutes in India, and received the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy. Some of the institutes established by the Tata Group are:

• Indian Institute of Science
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
• The Energy and Resources Institute (formerly known as Tata Energy and Research Institute), a non-governmental research institute
• The JRD Tata Ecotechnology Centre
• National Centre for Performing Arts
• Tata Center for Technology & Design at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Tata Centre for Technology & Design at IIT Bombay
• Tata Cricket Academy
• Tata IPL
• Tata Football Academy
• Tata Institute of Social Sciences
• Tata Management Training Centre
• Tata Medical Center, inaugurated on 16 May 2011 by Ratan Tata
• Tata Memorial Hospital
• Tata Cancer Hospital
• Tata Trusts, a group of philanthropic organizations run by the head of the business conglomerate Tata Sons

In 2008, Tata Group donated US$50 million to Cornell University for "agricultural and nutrition programs in India and for the education of Indian students at Cornell."

In 2010, Tata Group donated INR 2.20 billion (US$50 million) to Harvard Business School to build an academic and a residential building for executive education programmes on the institute's campus in Boston, Massachusetts. The building, now known as Tata Hall, is the largest endowment received by Harvard Business School from an international donor.

In 2017, Tata Trusts gifted US$70 million to University of California, San Diego and also partnered with it in setting up Tata Institute for Genetics and Society(TIGS) to address some of the world's most pressing issues, ranging from public health to agriculture. In recognition of the donation, the building which houses TIGS has been named Tata Hall. It is also the largest international donation made to University of California, San Diego.

In 2017, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) donated an unprecedented US$35 million grant to Carnegie Mellon University, the largest ever industry donation to the university, to collaborate on promoting next-generation technologies that will drive the Fourth Industrial Revolution, including cognitive systems and autonomous vehicles.

In 2017, the Tata Football Academy won the bid to form the Jamshedpur FC, a football club based on Jamshedpur of Jharkhand in the 4th edition of the Indian Super League.

In 2020, Tata Group has donated INR 15 billion to PM Cares Fund to fight against COVID-19 pandemic in India.

Tata Trusts

Most of the philanthropic activities of the group are carried out by various trusts incorporated by the members of the Tata family.

1. Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts
   • Sir Dorabji Tata Trust
   • Lady Tata Memorial Trust
   • JRD Tata Trust
   • Jamsetji Tata Trust
   • Tata Social Welfare Trust
   • JN Tata Endowment
   • Tata Education Trust
   • RD Tata Trust
   • The JRD and Thelma J Tata Trust
2. Sir Ratan Tata Trust & Allied Trusts
   • Sir Ratan Tata Trust
   • Tata Education and Development Trust
   • Navajbai Ratan Tata Trust
   • Bai Hirabai J. N. Tata Navsari Charitable Institution
   • Sarvajanik Seva Trust

See also

In Spanish: Grupo Tata para niños

• List of companies of India
• List of largest companies by revenue
• List of corporations by market capitalization
• Make in India
• Forbes Global 2000
• Fortune India 500
• Pallonji Mistry
• Noel Tata
• Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts