Slave trade facts for kids

The first slave auction in New Amsterdam in 1655

During the history of slavery, there were many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures. Slavery is a condition in which people are owned or completely controlled by other people. Buying and selling slaves is a trade as old as many of the oldest civilizations. A modern form of the slave trade is called human trafficking.

History of the slave trade
Slave sales
- Types of auctions
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History of the slave trade

In one form or another slavery has been practiced since the earliest civilizations. Early hunter-gatherers had no use for slaves They did everything for themselves. Having another pair of hands to help them meant another mouth to feed. Slavery or owning another person made no sense to these people. Once men gathered in cities and towns and there was more than enough food, having a cheap supply of labor made sense. This is when the earliest forms of slavery appeared. The main source of slaves was war. When a town was captured, the men were killed and the women were enslaved to work in the fields or as concubines. Slaves made up only a small percentage of the earliest civilizations. These included China's Yangtze River valley, India's Indus Valley, Egypt's Nile valley and the Tigris and Euphrates valleys in Mesopotamia.

Early civilizations

Once slavery became a major part of the workforce, slave trading became a business. Ancient Greece was the first civilization where slaves made up a large part of the population. Between the 4th and 6th centuries (BC) it is estimated that from one-third to one-half of the population were slaves. There were many sources of slaves. Prisoners captured in war, kidnapping, people selling their children and criminals were some of the more common sources. The market price for slaves would go down after a battle in which many slaves were taken. Slavery was a large part of the Greek economy. A slave could earn money and could earn enough to purchase their freedom. Ancient Rome was even more dependant on slaves.

Medieval europe

Slavery was also a part of medieval Europe. Societies that did not depend on slaves were often the source of slaves. In the Viking world, slavery was an important part of the economy. Not only the taking of slaves in raids and battles, but also selling slaves in other markets. The Vikings were slave traders. They captured slaves, used slaves and sold slaves. Most forms of slavery declined in Northern Europe but was practiced elsewhere in Europe. In Sicily, Italy, Spain, France, Russia and North Africa slavery lasted through much of the middle ages. Most of these slaves were "white" and came from other parts of Europe and Eastern Europe. As the New World was colonized, slavery was a well-established source of cheap labor. By the time Columbus discovered the Americas, Europeans had already been using African slaves in their colonies in West Africa. Before that, historians estimate that between 650 AD and the 1960s, 10 to 18 million people were enslaved by Arab slave traders. They were taken from Europe, Asia and Africa across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and the Sahara desert.

Africa

For four centuries, beginning in the late 15th century, millions of Africans were taken as slaves by Europeans. Europeans began exporting Africans to the New World as a source of cheap labor on colonial plantations. This was called the Atlantic slave trade. Early attempts to enslave Native Americans failed which gave rise to the African slave trade. Africans were a relatively easy source of slaves as European traders did not have to capture them, but relied on Arabs and other Africans to do it for them. Even before outside slave traders took advantage of Africans, the Africans themselves had established slave trading. Theirs was not an economy based on money, but on trading. Slaves were a Commodity (a substitute for money).

Slave sales

Enslaved people were often sold at markets and auctions. Slave auctions show that the enslaved people were not thought of as human beings with human rights. Instead, they were thought of as property, which could be bought or sold. Enslaved people that were for sale were often advertised in the newspapers, like today's newspapers advertise cars or houses. Slave traders were even listed in public directories (like today's phone books).

Enslaved people did not have any say in what happened to them. Many times, families were split up and sold to different owners for different amounts of money. Millions of families became separated this way and never saw each other again.

Types of auctions

There were three types of auctions: Grab and go, May the highest bidder win, and the scramble.

In a "grab and go" auction, a buyer would give the slave trader a certain amount of money and would get a ticket. When a drum roll sounded, the pen holding the enslaved people would open. The buyer would rush in and grab the one or ones that he wanted. He would then show his ticket to the slave trader before he left.

In a "may the highest bidder win" auction, enslaved people would be shown to the buyers one at a time. If more than one buyer wanted one in particular, all of the buyers would have to bid on that one (making offers for what they were willing to pay). The buyer who bid the highest would be able to buy that enslaved person for the amount of money he bid.

In "the scramble," buyers would quickly grab whichever enslaved people they wanted and would take them to work.

Images for kids

13th-century Africa – Map of the main trade routes and states, kingdoms and empires.
Arab slave-trading caravan transporting African slaves across the Sahara.
Arab slave traders and their captives along the Ruvuma river (in today's Tanzania and Mozambique), 19th-century drawing by David Livingstone.
The inspection and sale of a slave.
200th anniversary of the British act of parliament abolishing slave trading, commemorated on a British two pound coin.
Illustration of slave ship used to transport slaves to Europe and the Americas
Christian slaves in Algiers, 1706
A young boy with an enslaved woman, Brazil, 1860.
Slaves cutting the sugar cane, British colony of Antigua, 1823
18th-century painting of Dirk Valkenburg showing plantation slaves during a Ceremonial dance.
Funeral at slave plantation during Dutch colonial rule, Suriname. Colored lithograph printed circa 1840–1850, digitally restored.
Well-dressed plantation owner and family visiting the slave quarters.
James Hopkinson's plantation, South Carolina ca. 1862.
A plate in the Boxer Codex possibly depicting alipin (slaves) in the pre-colonial Philippines.
A contract from the Tang dynasty that records the purchase of a 15-year-old slave for six bolts of plain silk and five Chinese coins.
Ottoman Turks with captives, after 1530
Ottoman advances resulted in many captive Christians being carried deep into Muslim territory.
Giovanni Maria Morandi, The ransoming of Christian slaves held in Turkish hands, 17th century
One of the four chained slaves depicted at the bottom of the 17th-century Monument of the Four Moors in Livorno, Italy.
Portrait of an African Man, c. 1525–1530. The insignia on his hat alludes to possible Spanish or Portuguese origins.
Emperor Charles V captured Tunis in 1535, liberating 20,000 Christian slaves
Burning of a Village in Africa, and Capture of its Inhabitants (p. 12, February 1859, XVI)
Bombardment of Algiers by Lord Exmouth in August 1816, Thomas Luny
Illustration from the book: The Black Man's Lament, or, how to make sugar by Amelia Opie. (London, 1826)
Polish Jews are lined up by German soldiers to do forced labour, September 1939, German-occupied Poland
Registration of Jews by Nazis for forced labor, 1941
Proclamation of the abolition of slavery by Victor Hugues in the Guadeloupe, 1 November 1794
A painting of the 1840 Anti-Slavery Conference.
Protector of Slaves Office (Trinidad), Richard Bridgens, 1838.
"Avenue Schœlcher 1804-1893", Houilles (France)
Wes Brady, ex-slave, Marshall, Texas, 1937. This photograph was taken as part of the Federal Writers' Project Slave Narrative Collection, which has often been used as a primary source by historians.
C. 1480 BC, fugitive-slave treaty between Idrimi of Alakakh (now Tell Atchana) and Pillia of Kizzuwatna (now Cilicia).
Slaves in chains during the period of Roman rule at Smyrna (present-day İzmir), 200 CE.
13th-century CE slave market in Yemen.