List of threatened birds of Brazil facts for kids

The Spix's macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii) is a critically endangered species and may be extinct in the wild.

Brazil has more than 1900 bird species, and according to the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation and the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, there are 240 species or subspecies of Brazilian birds listed as threatened, six as extinct and two as extinct in the wild. The Brazilian definition uses the same criteria and categories of IUCN. Among the 33 orders of birds in Brazil, 22 have threatened species. The passerine order (songbirds), besides being the most diverse order in Brazil, also has the most species on the Brazilian Red List, followed by parrots. The Northeast Region, notably the Atlantic forest and Caatinga, has the most endemic and threatened birds, and two of them, the Alagoas curassow and the Spix's macaw, are considered to be extinct in the wild. The Pernambuco Endemism Center presents many critically endangered species due to the intense destruction of the Atlantic forest. Some species might be extinct in Brazil, like the glaucous macaw and the Eskimo curlew.

A list of threatened species was published by Diário Oficial da União, on December 17, 2014. Even though some species have been removed from the list (for instance, the hyacinth macaw), the number of threatened species has increased in comparison with the former list (which had 160 taxa). Furthermore, the number of known species has been increasing considerably since the last half of the 20th century, and this has influenced the number of listed species.

In spite of using the same criteria, the ICMBio list often shows a different conservation status than the IUCN. That is because the assessments were done at different times by different researchers.

Threatened birds of Brazil - ICMBio (2014)
See also

Threatened birds of Brazil - ICMBio (2014)

Order Tinamiformes (tinamous)

The yellow-legged tinamou (Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus) is listed as a vulnerable species by ICMBio.

Family Tinamidae

Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus (yellow-legged tinamou) - ICMBio status
Crypturellus noctivagus zabele (yellow-legged tinamou) - ICMBio status
Nothura minor (lesser nothura) - ICMBio status
Taoniscus nanus (dwarf tinamou) - ICMBio status
Tinamus tao (grey tinamou) - ICMBio status

Order Anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans)

The Brazilian merganser (Mergus octosetaceus) is a critically endangered species.

Family Anatidae

Mergus octosetaceus (Brazilian merganser) - ICMBio status

Order Galliformes (gamebirds, landfowl, gallinaceous birds)

The black-fronted piping guan (Aburria jacutinga) is an endangered species of the Atlantic forest.

The red-billed curassow (Crax blumenbachii) is an endangered species of the Atlantic forest.

Family Cracidae (chachalacas, guans and curassows)

Aburria jacutinga (black-fronted piping guan) - ICMBio status
Crax blumenbachii (red-billed curassow) - ICMBio status
Crax globulosa (wattled curassow) - ICMBio status
Crax fasciolata pinima (Natterer's curassow) - ICMBio status
Pauxi mitu (Alagoas curassow) - ICMBio status
Penelope jacucaca (white-browed guan) - ICMBio status
Penelope ochrogaster (chestnut-bellied guan) - ICMBio status
Penelope pileata (white-crested guan) - ICMBio status
Penelope superciliaris alagoensis (rusty-margined guan) - ICMBio status
Ortalis guttata remota (speckled chachalaca) - ICMBio status

Family Odontophoridae (New World quails)

Odontophorus capueira plumbeicollis (spot-winged wood quail) - ICMBio status

Ordem Procellariiformes (petrels)

The Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) is a critically endangered species.

The spectacled petrel (Procellaria conspicillata) is a vulnerable species.

Family Diomedeidae (albatrosses)

Diomedea dabbenena (Tristan albatross) - ICMBio status
Diomedea epomophora (southern royal albatross) - ICMBio status
Diomedea exulans (wandering albatross) - ICMBio status
Diomedea sanfordi (northern royal albatross) - ICMBio status
Thalassarche chlororhynchos (Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross) - ICMBio status

Família Procellariidae (petrels)

Procellaria aequinoctialis (white-chinned petrel) - ICMBio status
Procellaria conspicillata (spectacled petrel) - Estado ICMBio
Pterodroma arminjoniana (Trindade petrel) - ICMBio status
Pterodroma deserta (Desertas petrel) - ICMBio status
Pterodroma incerta (Atlantic petrel) - ICMBio status
Pterodroma madeira (Zino's petrel) - ICMBio status
Puffinus lherminieri (Audubon's shearwater) - ICMBio status

Order Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)

The red-billed tropicbird (Phaethon aethereus) is an endangered seabird in Brazil.

Family Phaethontidae

Phaethon aethereus (red-billed tropicbird) - ICMBio status
Phaethon lepturus (white-tailed tropicbird) - ICMBio status

Order Suliformes

Family Sulidae (boobies)

Sula sula (red-footed booby) - ICMBio status

Order Pelecaniformes

Family Ardeidae (herons)

Tigrisoma fasciatum (fasciated tiger heron) - ICMBio status

Ordem Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles and vultures)

The white-necked hawk (Amadonastur lacernulatus) is a vulnerable species.

Family Accipitridae

Amadonastur lacernulatus (white-necked hawk) - ICMBio status
Circus cinereus (cinereous harrier) - ICMBio status
Harpia harpyja (harpy eagle) - ICMBio status
Leptodon forbesi (white-collared kite) - ICMBio status
Morphnus guianensis (crested eagle) - ICMBio status
Urubutinga coronata (crowned solitary eagle) - ICMBio status

Order Gruiformes (cranes)

Family Psophiidae (trumpeters)

Psophia dextralis (dark-winged trumpeter) - ICMBio status
Psophia interjecta (dark-winged trumpeter) - ICMBio status
Psophia obscura (dark-winged trumpeter) - ICMBio status

Family Rallidae (rails)

Porzana spiloptera (dot-winged crake) - ICMBio status

Order Charadriiformes (waders, gulls and auks)

The Eskimo curlew (Numenius borealis) is possibly extinct.

The South American tern (Sterna hirundinacea) is listed as vulnerable species by ICMBio.

Family Charadriidae (plovers, dotterels, and lapwings)

Charadrius wilsonia (Wilson's plover) - ICMBio status

Family Scolopacidae (sandpipers)

Calidris canutus (red knot) - ICMBio status
Calidris pusilla (semipalmated sandpiper) - ICMBio status
Calidris subruficollis (buff-breasted sandpiper) - ICMBio status
Limnodromus griseus (short-billed dowitcher) - ICMBio status
Numenius borealis (Eskimo curlew) - ICMBio status

Family Sternidae (terns)

Sterna dougallii (roseate tern) - ICMBio status
Sterna hirundinacea (South American tern) - ICMBio status
Thalasseus maximus (royal tern) - Estado ICMBio

Order Columbiformes (pigeons and doves)

Family Columbidae

Claravis geoffroyi (purple-winged ground dove) - ICMBio status (PEx)
Columbina cyanopis (blue-eyed ground dove) - ICMBio status (PEx)

Order Cuculiformes (cuckoos)

Family Cuculidae

Neomorphus geoffroyi (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) - ICMBio status
Neomorphus geoffroyi amazonicus (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) - ICMBio status
Neomorphus geoffroyi dulcis (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) - ICMBio status
Neomorphus geoffroyi geoffroyi (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) - ICMBio status (PEx)
Neomorphus squamiger (scaled ground cuckoo) - Estado ICMBio

Ordem Strigiformes (owls)

The spectacled owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata pulsatrix) is a vulnerable species.

Family Strigidae

Glaucidium mooreorum (Pernambuco pygmy owl) - ICMBio status
Pulsatrix perspicillata pulsatrix (spectacled owl) - ICMBio status
Strix huhula albomarginata (black-banded owl) - ICMBio status

Order Nyctibiiformes (potoos)

The white-winged potoo (Nyctibius leucopterus) is a critically endangered species in Brazil.

Family Nyctibiidae

Nyctibius aethereus aethereus (long-tailed potoo) - ICMBio status
Nyctibius leucopterus (white-winged potoo) - ICMBio status

Ordem Caprimulgiformes (nightjars)

Family Caprimulgidae

Hydropsalis candicans (white-winged nightjar) - ICMBio status

Order Apodiformes (hummingbirds and swifts)

The hooded visorbearer (Augastes lumachella) is an endangered species.

Family Trochilidae (hummingbirds)

Augastes lumachella (hooded visorbearer) - ICMBio status
Discosura langsdorffi langsdorffi (black-bellied thorntail) - ICMBio status
Glaucis dohrnii (hook-billed hermit) - ICMBio status
Lophornis gouldii (dot-eared coquette) - ICMBio status
Phaethornis aethopygus (Tapajós hermit) - Estado ICMBio
Phaethornis bourcieri major (straight-billed hermit) - ICMBio status
Phaethornis margarettae (great-billed hermit) - ICMBio status
Phaethornis margarettae camargoi (great-billed hermit) - ICMBio status
Thalurania watertonii (long-tailed woodnymph) - ICMBio status

Order Trogoniformes (trogons)

Family Trogonidae

Trogon collaris eytoni (collared trogon) - ICMBio status

Order Coraciiformes (kingfishers, bee-eaters, rollers and motmots)

Family Momotidae (motmots)

Momotus momota marcgraviana (blue-crowned motmot) - ICMBio status

Ordem Galbuliformes (puffbirds)

Family Bucconidae

Monasa morphoeus morphoeus (white-fronted nunbird) - ICMBio status

Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and toucans)

The Kaempfer's woodpecker (Celeus obrieni) is an endemic woodpecker from Piauí.

Family Capitonidae (American barbets)

Capito dayi (black-girdled barbet) - ICMBio status

Family Ramphastidae (toucans)

Pteroglossus bitorquatus bitorquatus (red-necked aracari) - ICMBio status
Selenidera gouldii baturitensis (Gould's toucanet) - ICMBio status

Family Picidae (woodpeckers)

Celeus flavus subflavus (cream-colored woodpecker) - ICMBio status
Celeus obrieni (Kaempfer's woodpecker) - ICMBio status
Celeus torquatus pieteroyensi (ringed woodpecker) - ICMBio status
Celeus torquatus tinnunculus (Atlantic black-breasted woodpecker) - ICMBio status
Dryocopus galeatus (helmeted woodpecker) - ICMBio status
Piculus polyzonus - ICMBio status
Piculus paraensis - ICMBio status
Picumnus varzeae (Varzea piculet) - ICMBio status

Order Psittaciformes (parrots, macaws, parakeets)

The red-spectacled amazon (Amazona petrei) is a vulnerable species from southern Brazil.

Lear's macaw (Anodorhynchus leari) is an endangered macaw from Northeastern Brazil.

The sun parakeet (Aratinga solstitialis) is an endangered species.

Family Psittacidae

Amazona pretrei (red-spectacled amazon) - ICMBio status
Amazona rhodocorytha (red-browed amazon) - ICMBio status
Amazona vinacea (vinaceous-breasted amazon) - ICMBio status
Anodorhynchus leari (Lear's macaw) - ICMBio status
Anodorhynchus glaucus (glaucous macaw) - ICMBio status
Aratinga solstitialis (sun parakeet) - ICMBio status
Cyanopsitta spixii (Spix's macaw) - ICMBio status (PExW)
Guaruba guarouba (golden parakeet) - ICMBio status
Pionus reichenowi (Reichenow's blue-headed parrot) - ICMBio status
Pyrilia vulturina (vulturine parrot) - ICMBio status
Pyrrhura cruentata (ochre-marked parakeet) - ICMBio status
Pyrrhura lepida (pearly parakeet) - ICMBio status
Pyrrhura lepida lepida (pearly parakeet) - ICMBio status
Pyrrhura griseipectus (grey-breasted parakeet) - ICMBio status
Pyrrhura leucotis (white-eared parakeet) - ICMBio status
Pyrrhura pfrimeri (Pfrimer's parakeet) - ICMBio status
Touit melanonotus (brown-backed parrotlet) - ICMBio status
Touit surdus (golden-tailed parrotlet) - ICMBio status

Order Passeriformes (songbirds)

The black-hooded antwren (Formicivora erythronotos) is a critically endangered species from Rio de Janeiro.

The variegated antpitta (Grallaria varia) is a vulnerable species.

The Brasília tapaculo (Scytalopus novacapitalis) is an endangered species.

The Araripe manakin (Antilophia bokermanni) is a critically endangered endemic species from Chapada do Araripe.

The seven-colored tanager (Tangara fastuosa) is an endemic vulnerable species from Pernambuco.

Temminck's seedeater (Sporophila falcirostris) is a vulnerable species.

The lark-like brushrunner (Coryphistera alaudina) is a critically endangered species.

The black-headed berryeater (Carpornis melanocephala) is a vulnerable species.

The opal-rumped tanager (Tangara velia signata) is a vulnerable species.

Family Thamnophilidae (antbirds)

Cercomacra ferdinandi (bananal antbird) - ICMBio status
Dysithamnus plumbeus (plumbeous antvireo) - ICMBio status
Formicivora erythronotos (black-hooded antwren) - ICMBio status
Formicivora grantsaui (Sincorá antwren) - ICMBio status
Formicivora littoralis (Restinga antwren) - ICMBio status
Formicivora paludicola (São Paulo marsh antwren) - ICMBio status
Herpsilochmus pileatus (Bahia antwren) - ICMBio status
Hypocnemis ochrogyna (Rondonia warbling antbird) - ICMBio status
Myrmoderus ruficaudus - ICMBio status
Myrmotherula fluminensis (Rio de Janeiro antwren) - ICMBio status (PEx)
Myrmotherula klagesi (Klages's antwren) - ICMBio status
Myrmotherula minor (Salvadori's antwren) - ICMBio status
Myrmotherula snowi (Alagoas antwren) - ICMBio status
Myrmotherula urosticta (band-tailed antwren) - ICMBio status
Phlegopsis nigromaculata confinis (black-spotted bare-eye) - ICMBio status
Phlegopsis nigromaculata paraensis (black-spotted bare-eye) - ICMBio status
Pyriglena pernambucensis (Pernambuco fire-eye) - ICMBio status
Pyriglena atra (fringe-backed fire-eye) - ICMBio status
Rhegmatorhina gymnops (bare-eyed antbird) - ICMBio status
Rhopornis ardesiacus (slender antbird) - ICMBio status
Stymphalornis acutirostris (marsh antwren) - ICMBio status
Terenura sicki (orange-bellied antwren) - ICMBio status
Thamnomanes caesius caesius (cinereous antshrike) - ICMBio status
Thamnophilus aethiops (white-shouldered antshrike) - ICMBio status
Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis (variable antshrike) - ICMBio status
Thamnophilus caerulescens pernambucensis (variable antshrike) - ICMBio status
Thamnophilus nigrocinereus (blackish-grey antshrike) - ICMBio status

Family Conopophagidae (gnateaters)

Conopophaga lineata cearae (rufous gnateater) - ICMBio status
Conopophaga lineata lineata (rufous gnateater) - ICMBio status
Conopophaga melanops nigrifrons (black-cheeked gnateater) - ICMBio status

Family Grallariidae (antpittas)

Grallaria varia distincta (variegated antpitta) - ICMBio status
Grallaria varia intercedens (variegated antpitta) - ICMBio status
Hylopezus paraensis (Snethlage's antpitta) - ICMBio status

Family Rhinocryptidae (tapaculos)

Eleoscytalopus psychopompus (Bahia tapaculo) - ICMBio status
Merulaxis stresemanni (Stresemann's bristlefront) - ICMBio status
Scytalopus diamantinensis (Diamantina tapaculo) - ICMBio status
Scytalopus gonzagai (Bahian mouse-colored tapaculo) - ICMBio status
Scytalopus iraiensis (marsh tapaculo) - ICMBio status
Scytalopus novacapitalis (Brasília tapaculo) - ICMBio status

Family Formicariidae (ground antbirds)

Chamaeza nobilis (striated antthrush) - ICMBio status

Family Scleruridae (miners and leaftossers)

Geositta poeciloptera (campo miner) - ICMBio status
Sclerurus macconnelli bahiae (tawny-throated leaftosser) - ICMBio status
Sclerurus caudacutus caligineus (black-tailed leaftosser) - ICMBio status
Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta (black-tailed leaftosser) - ICMBio status

Family Dendrocolaptidae (woodcreepers)

Campylorhamphus cardosoi (Tapajós scythebill) - ICMBio status
Campylorhamphus multostriatus (Xingu curve-billed scythebill) - ICMBio status
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris trochilirostris (red-billed scythebill) - ICMBio status
Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis (cinnamon-throated woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Dendrocincla taunayi (plain-winged woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Dendrocincla merula badia (white-chinned woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Dendrocolaptes retentus (Xingu woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Dendrocolaptes medius (Amazonian barred woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Dendrocolaptes picumnus transfasciatus (black-banded woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Hylexetastes brigidai (Brigida's woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Lepidocolaptes wagleri (Wagler's woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Xiphocolaptes carajaensis (Carajás woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Xiphocolaptes falcirostris (moustached woodcreeper) - ICMBio status
Xiphorhynchus atlanticus (lesser woodcreeper) - Estado ICMBio

Família Xenopidae (ovenbirds)

Xenops minutus alagoanus (plain xenops) - ICMBio status
Xiphorhynchus guttatus gracilirostris (buff-throated woodcreeper) - ICMBio status

Family Furnariidae (Neotropical ovenbirds)

Acrobatornis fonsecai (pink-legged graveteiro) - ICMBio status
Asthenes hudsoni (Hudson's canastero) - ICMBio status
Automolus lammi (Pernambuco foliage-gleaner) - ICMBio status
Cichlocolaptes mazarbarnetti (cryptic treehunter) - ICMBio status
Coryphistera alaudina (lark-like brushrunner) - ICMBio status
Cranioleuca muelleri (scaled spinetail) - ICMBio status
Cinclodes espinhacensis (long-tailed cinclodes) - ICMBio status
Leptasthenura platensis (tufted tit-spinetail) - ICMBio status
Philydor novaesi (Alagoas foliage-gleaner) - ICMBio status
Pseudoseisura lophotes (brown cacholote) - ICMBio status
Synallaxis infuscata (Pinto's spinetail) - ICMBio status
Synallaxis kollari (hoary-throated spinetail) - ICMBio status
Thripophaga macroura (striated softtail) - ICMBio status

Family Pipridae (manakins)

Antilophia bokermanni (Araripe manakin) - ICMBio status
Lepidothrix vilasboasi (golden-crowned manakin) - ICMBio status
Lepidothrix iris (opal-crowned manakin) - ICMBio status
Lepidothrix iris iris (cabeça-de-prata) - ICMBio status
Neopelma aurifrons (Wied's tyrant-manakin) - ICMBio status

Family Tityridae (tityras, mourners and allies)

Iodopleura pipra (buff-throated purpletuft) - ICMBio status
Iodopleura pipra leucopygia (buff-throated purpletuft) - ICMBio status
Iodopleura pipra pipra (buff-throated purpletuft) - ICMBio status
Schiffornis turdina intermedia (brown-winged schiffornis) - ICMBio status

Family Cotingidae (cotingas and bellbirds)

Carpornis melanocephala (black-headed berryeater) - ICMBio status
Cotinga maculata (banded cotinga) - ICMBio status
Procnias albus wallacei (white bellbird) - ICMBio status
Tijuca condita (grey-winged cotinga) - ICMBio status
Xipholena atropurpurea (white-winged cotinga) - ICMBio status

Family Pipritidae (piprites)

piprites chloris grisescens (wing-barred piprites) - ICMBio status

Family Platyrinchidae (calyptura)

Calyptura cristata (kinglet calyptura) - ICMBio status (PEx)

Family Rhynchocyclidae (tody-tyrants or bamboo tyrants)

Hemitriccus furcatus (fork-tailed tody-tyrant) - ICMBio status
Hemitriccus griseipectus naumburgae (white-bellied tody-tyrant) - ICMBio status
Hemitriccus kaempferi (Kaempfer's tody-tyrant) - ICMBio status
Hemitriccus mirandae (buff-breasted tody-tyrant) - ICMBio status
Phylloscartes beckeri (Bahia tyrannulet) - ICMBio status
Phylloscartes ceciliae (Alagoas tyrannulet) - ICMBio status

Family Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)

Alectrurus tricolor (cock-tailed tyrant) - ICMBio status
Attila spadiceus uropygiatus (Bright-rumped attila) - ICMBio status
Elaenia ridleyana (Noronha elaenia) - ICMBio status
Platyrinchus mystaceus niveigularis (white-throated spadebill) - ICMBio status
Serpophaga hypoleuca pallida (river tyrannulet) - ICMBio status
Stigmatura napensis napensis (lesser wagtail-tyrant) - ICMBio status
Xolmis dominicanus (black-and-white monjita) - ICMBio status

Family Vireonidae (vireos)

Hylophilus ochraceiceps rubrifrons (tawny-crowned greenlet) - ICMBio status
Vireo gracilirostris (Noronha vireo) - ICMBio status

Family Corvidae (crows and jays)

Cyanocorax hafferi (Campina jay) - ICMBio status

Family Turidade (thrushes)

Cichlopsis leucogenys (rufous-brown solitaire) - ICMBio status

Family Motacillidae (pipits)

Anthus nattereri (ochre-breasted pipit) - ICMBio status

Family Passerellidae (New World sparrows)

Arremonops conirostris (black-striped sparrow) - ICMBio status

Family Icteridae (New World blackbirds)

Curaeus forbesi (Forbes's blackbird) - ICMBio status
Sturnella defilippii (Pampas meadowlark) - ICMBio status
Xanthopsar flavus (saffron-cowled blackbird) - ICMBio status

Family Thraupidae (tanagers)

Conothraupis mesoleuca (cone-billed tanager) - ICMBio status
Coryphaspiza melanotis (black-masked finch) - ICMBio status
Gubernatrix cristata (yellow cardinal) - ICMBio status
Nemosia rourei (cherry-throated tanager) - ICMBio status
Sporophila beltoni (Tropeiro seedeater) - ICMBio status
Sporophila falcirostris (Temminck's seedeater) - ICMBio status
Sporophila frontalis (buffy-fronted seedeater) - ICMBio status
Sporophila hypoxantha (tawny-bellied seedeater) - ICMBio status
Sporophila maximiliani (great-billed seed finch) - ICMBio status
Sporophila melanogaster (black-bellied seedeater) - ICMBio status
Sporophila nigrorufa (black-and-tawny seedeater) - ICMBio status
Sporophila palustris (marsh seedeater) - ICMBio status
Sporophila ruficollis (dark-throated seedeater) - ICMBio status
Tangara peruviana (black-backed tanager) - ICMBio status
Tangara cyanocephala cearensis (red-necked tanager) - ICMBio status
Tangara fastuosa (seven-colored tanager) - ICMBio status
Tangara velia signata (opal-rumped tanager) - ICMBio status

Family Cardinalidae (cardinals)

Caryothraustes canadensis frontalis (yellow-green grosbeak) - ICMBio status

Family Fringillidae (siskins)

Sporagra yarrellii (yellow-faced siskin) - ICMBio status