List of the prehistoric life of California facts for kids

This list of the prehistoric life of California contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of California.

Precambrian

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in California.

Paleozoic

Selected Paleozoic taxa of California

• †Advenella
• †Agathiceras
• †Ampyx – tentative report
• †Ampyx
• †Apatolichas
• 

  Fossils of the mysterious Ediacaran organism Aspidella
  †Aspidella – tentative report
  • †Aspidella terranovica
• †Atrypa
  • †Atrypa reticularis
• †Aviculopecten
  • †Aviculopecten occidentalis – or unidentified comparable form
• †Bimuria
• †Bolbolenellus
• †Bristolia
• †Bumastus
• †Calymene
• †Camarotoechia – tentative report
• †Carolinites
• †Chonetes
• †Cleiothyridina
• †Composita
  • †Composita grandis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Composita subtilita – or unidentified comparable form
• †Conchidium
• †Conocardium
• 

  Fossil of the Devonian-Triassic arthropod trackway ichnogenus Cruziana
  †Cruziana
• †Cyclolobus
• †Cyclonema
• †Cymbidium
• †Daguinaspis
• †Dicoelosia
• †Didymograptus
• †Dimeropygiella
• †Diplichnites
• †Encrinurus
• †Endoceras – tentative report
• †Euomphalus
• †Fallotaspis
• †Favosites
• †Fenestella
• †Gogia
• †Halysites
• †Helicoplacus
• 

  Life restoration of the Permian Chimaera relative Helicoprion
  †Helicoprion
  • †Helicoprion davisii
• †Heliomeroides
• †Hercynella
• †Holopea
• †Hyolithes
• †Illaenus
• †Ingria
• †Isogramma
• †Isotelus
• †Kawina
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized shell of the brachiopod Kutorgina
  †Kutorgina
• †Lingula
• †Lingulella
• †Lithostrotion
  • †Lithostrotion pauciradiale
• †Lonchodomas
• †Meristella
• †Micromitra
• †Murchisonia
• †Neospirifer
• †Nephrolenellus
• †Nevadella
• †Obolella
• 

  Illustration of a fossil of the Cambrian trilobite Olenellus
  †Olenellus
  • †Olenellus fowleri – or unidentified comparable form
• †Oryctocephalus
  • †Oryctocephalus indicus
• †Paladin
• Palaeoaplysina
• †Paleochiton
• †Parafusulina
• †Paraschwagerina
• †Peachella
• 

  Fossilized shell of the Silurian-Middle Devonian brachiopod Pentamerus
  †Pentamerus
• †Phillipsia
• †Phyllograptus
• †Plaesiomys
• †Planolites
• †Platyceras
• †Poleumita
• †Proetus
• †Pteridinium – tentative report
• †Raymondaspis
• †Remopleurides
• †Repinaella
• 

  Fossil of the arthropod burrow ichnogenus Rusophycus
  †Rusophycus
• †Schwagerina
• †Skenidioides
• †Spirifer
  • †Spirifer brazerianus
• †Spiriferina – tentative report
• †Stearoceras
• †Streptosolen
• †Stylonema
• †Swartpuntia – or unidentified comparable form
• †Syringopora
• †Thompsonella
• †Trinodus
• †Trocholites – tentative report
• †Volborthella
• †Wanneria
• 

  Fossilized shells of the ammonoid cephalopod Xenodiscus
  †Xenodiscus
• †Zacanthoides

Mesozoic

Selected Mesozoic taxa of California

• †Abyssochrysos – tentative report
• †Acanthoceras
• Acanthosphaera – tentative report
• Acesta
• †Acrioceras
• †Acrodus
  • †Acrodus wempliae – type locality for species
• †Acteon
• †Acteonella
• 

  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous armored dinosaur Aletopelta
  †Aletopelta – type locality for genus
  • †Aletopelta coombsi – type locality for species
• Amauropsis
• †Ampullina
• †Anagaudryceras
  • †Anagaudryceras sacya – or unidentified comparable form
• †Anahamulina
• †Anasibirites
  • †Anasibirites kingianus – type locality for species
• †Anatomites
• †Anatropites
• †Anisoceras
• 

  Interior and exterior of a shell of an Anomia, or jingle shell
  †Anomia
• †Anoplophora – tentative report
• †Aphaea
• †Aphrosaurus
  • †Aphrosaurus furlongi
• Aporrhais
• Architectonica – tentative report
• Arctica
• †Arctoceras
• Argyrotheca
• †Arnioceras
• †Arpadites
• Arrhoges
• †Aspenites – type locality for genus
• Astarte
• †Asteroceras
• †Atira
• 

  Fossilized partial skull of the Late Cretaceous duck-billed dinosaur Augustynolophus
  †Augustynolophus
  • †Augustynolophus morrisi
• †Axonoceras
• †Bacchites
• †Baculites
  • †Baculites capensis
  • †Baculites yokoyamai – or unidentified comparable form
• Barbatia
• †Barrettia
• †Basilemys
• † Belleza
• Bernaya
• †Beudanticeras
• †Bochianites
• †Bostrychoceras
• †Brancoceras
• Bulimulus
• Bullaria
• Bullina
• †Californites – type locality for genus
• 

  Restoration of the Late Triassic ichthyosaur Californosaurus
  †Californosaurus
• Callianassa – tentative report
• †Calliconites
• †Calliomphalus – tentative report
• Callista – tentative report
• †Calva
• †Calycoceras
• Cancellaria – tentative report
• Cantharus
• Capulus – or unidentified comparable form
• Cardinia
• Cardita
• †Cecrops
• Cerithidea
• Cerithium
• †Cidarina
• 

  Shell and spines of a Cidaris sea urchin
  Cidaris
• †Clinura
• †Collignoniceras
• †Collonia
• Corbicula
• Corbula
• Cornutella
• †Cosmonautilus
• †Crioceratites
• Cucullaea
• †Cunningtoniceras
• †Cyclothyris
• Cylichna
• †Cylindroteuthis
• †Cymatoceras
• 

  Diagram illustrating the Middle-Late Triassic ichthyosaur Cymbospondylus with an anachronistic human to scale.
  †Cymbospondylus
  • †Cymbospondylus petrinus
• †Daonella – tentative report
  • †Daonella dubia
• †Dentalium
• †Desmoceras
• †Desmophyllites
• †Dictyoconites
• †Didymoceras
  • †Didymoceras hornbyense – or unidentified comparable form
• †Dieneria – type locality for genus
• †Discohelix – tentative report
• †Discoscaphites
• †Douvilleiceras
• †Durania
• †Echinocorys
• †Elimia
• 

  Restoration of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene bony fish Enchodus, or the "saber-toothed herring"
  †Enchodus
• †Entobia
• †Eriphyla
• †Eucalycoceras
• †Euclastes
• †Euomphaloceras
• †Eupachydiscus
• †Euspira
• †Eutrephoceras
• †Exiteloceras
• †Exogyra
• 

  Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Fagesia
  †Fagesia
• Fissurella – tentative report
• †Flabellina
• †Flabellum
• †Fresnosaurus – type locality for genus
  • †Fresnosaurus drescheri – type locality for species
• Gastrochaena – tentative report
• †Gaudryceras
• †Gervillia
• Glans – tentative report
• †Glauconia
• †Globigerinelloides
• Glossus
• Glycymeris
• †Goricanites – type locality for genus
• 

  Fossil negative with skin impressions of the theropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Grallator
  †Grallator
• †Gryphaea
• †Gryponautilus
• Gyroidina
• Haliotis
• †Hauericeras
• †Hecticoceras
• †Hedenstroemia
• †Helena
• †Hemicidaris
• Heptranchias
• Hipponix
• †Homerites
• †Hybodus
• †Hydrotherosaurus – type locality for genus
  • †Hydrotherosaurus alexandrae – type locality for species
• †Hypophylloceras
• †Ichthyornis
• †Ichthyosaurus
• 

  Fossilized shell of the Early Jurassic-Late Cretaceous marine bivalve Inoceramus with a human indicating its size
  †Inoceramus
  • †Inoceramus balticus
  • †Inoceramus cordiformis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Inoceramus incertus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Inoceramus naumanni
  • †Inoceramus steinmanni – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Inoceramus subundatus
  • †Inoceramus teshioensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Inoceramus turgidus – type locality for species
• †Inyoites – type locality for genus
  • †Inyoites oweni – type locality for species
• Isognomon
• 

  Fossilized shells of the Jurassic brachiopod Kallirhynchia
  †Kallirhynchia
• †Kilianella
• †Kossmaticeras
• †Lacunaria
• Leda – tentative report
• Lima
• †Linearis
• †Lingula
• Lithophaga
• Lopha
• †Loxo
• †Lucina
• †Lysis
• †Lytoceras
  • †Lytoceras batesi
• Macrocallista
• †Macrocephalites
• †Mammites – tentative report
• †Mantelliceras
• Margarella
• Margarites
• 

  Fossilized shell of the Early-Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Mariella
  †Mariella
• Martesia
• †Mediaster
• †Meekoceras
  • †Meekoceras gracilitatis
• †Melchiorites
• †Menuites
• †Merriamia
• † Mita – tentative report
• † Mita
• †Modiolus
• †Morenosaurus – type locality for genus
  • †Morenosaurus stocki – type locality for species
• †Mortoniceras
• Musculus – or unidentified related form
• †Myophorella
  • †Myophorella argo
  • †Myophorella dawsoni – or unidentified related form
  • †Myophorella yellowstonensis
• †Myophoria
• †Mytilus
• Natica
• †Navahopus
• 

  Life restoration of the Late Triassic thalattosaurs Nectosaurus (right) and Thalattosaurus
  †Nectosaurus
• †Neithea
• †Neocardioceras – tentative report
• †Neohibolites
• †Neophylloceras
  • †Neophylloceras hetonaiense
  • †Neophylloceras ramosum
• †Nerinea
• Nerita
• †Nolita
• †Nostoceras
  • †Nostoceras splendidum
• Nucula
• Opalia
• †Ophiceras
• †Opis
• †Orthoceras
• 

  Shell of an Ostrea, or oyster
  Ostrea
• †Owenites
  • †Owenites carpenteri
  • †Owenites koeneni – type locality for species
• †Oxynautilus
• †Oxytoma
• †Pachydesmoceras
  • †Pachydesmoceras pachydiscoide – type locality for species
• †Pachydiscus
  • †Pachydiscus ootacodensis
• Panopea
• 

  Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopod Parapuzosia with a human indicating its size
  †Parapuzosia
• Patella – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• †Pecten
• †Pedalion
• †Pentzia
• †Peroniceras
• Phanerolepida
• Pholadomya
• †Phylloceras
• †Phyllopachyceras
• †Pinna
• †Plesiotylosaurus
  • †Plesiotylosaurus crassidens
• Plicatula
• 

  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Plotosaurus
  †Plotosaurus
  • †Plotosaurus bennisoni
  • †Plotosaurus tuckeri
• Polinices
• †Polycyclus
• †Polyptychites
• †Polyptychoceras
• †Posidonia
• †Potamides – tentative report
• †Proclydonautilus
• †Prognathodon
  • †Prognathodon waiparaensis – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Fossilized shells of the Triassic-modern marine bivalve Propeamussium
  Propeamussium
• †Protocardia
• †Protrachyceras
• †Pseudomelania
• †Pseudoperna
• †Pseudothurmannia – tentative report
• †Pteraichnus
• †Pterotrigonia
• †Puzosia
• Pycnodonte
• Quadrans – tentative report
• Retusa
• †Rhaetina – tentative report
• †Rhynchonella
• Rogerella
• †Romaniceras
• †Scalarites
• †Scapanorhynchus
• Scaphander
• †Scaphites
  • †Scaphites hippocrepis – or unidentified related form
• †Senis
• 

  Base of the trunk of a living Sequoia tree with a human to scale
  †Sequoia
• Serpula
• †Shastasaurus
  • †Shastasaurus alexandrae
  • †Shastasaurus pacificus
• †Shastoceras
• Siphonalia
• †Sirenites
• †Skolithos
• Solariella
• Solemya – tentative report
• Solen
• †Spiriferina – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †Spiriferina coreyi – type locality for species
• Spondylus
• Squalicorax
• †Sturia
• † Suna
• †Tegula
• Tellina
• †Tenea
• Terebralia – tentative report
• †Tessarolax
• 

  Reconstructive illustration of the skull in side (above) and top view of the Late Triassic thalattosaur Thalattosaurus. The frontmost portion of the snout is portrayed erroneously as straight; it actually had a pronounced downward curve
  †Thalattosaurus
• Thyasira
• †Tollia
• †Tragodesmoceras
• †Trigonia
• †Trinacria
• †Trochactaeon
• Trophon
• †Turrilites
  • †Turrilites acutus
  • †Turrilites costatus – or unidentified comparable form
• Turritella
• Volsella
• †Worthenia
• †Wyomingites
• †Yezoites
• 

  Shell of a Yoldia limatula, or file yoldia
  Yoldia
• †Zanola
• †Zealandites

Cenozoic

Selected Cenozoic taxa of California

• †Abantis
• 

  A living Abies, or fir tree
  Abies
• †Aboma
• †Acalypha
• Acanthina
  • †Acanthina spirata
• Acanthocardia
• Acar
• Accipiter
  • †Accipiter velox
• Acentrophryne
• Acer
• Acesta
• Acipenser
  • †Acipenser medirostris – or unidentified comparable form
• Acmaea
  • †Acmaea mitra
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene horse Acritohippus
  †Acritohippus
  • †Acritohippus isonesus – or unidentified comparable form
• Acteocina
• Acteon
• Actinemys
  • †Actinemys marmorata
• Admete
  • †Admete rhyssa
• Adula
• Aechmophorus
  • †Aechmophorus occidentalis
• †Aelurodon
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Aepycamelus
  • †Aepycamelus alexandrae
• Aequipecten
• Aesopus
• Aethia
• Agaronia
• Agelaius
• †Agriotherium
• †Ailanthus
• Akera
• Alaba
• Alabina
• †Albicetus
• Alca
• †Alcodes
• Aleochara
• Aletes
• †Aletomeryx
• †Alforjas
• †Alisea – type locality for genus
• †Allodelphis – type locality for genus
  • †Allodelphis pratti – type locality for species
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene seal Allodesmus
  †Allodesmus
  • †Allodesmus kernensis
• Alnus
• †Alopecocyon – type locality for genus
• Alopias
  • †Alopias vulpinus – or unidentified comparable form
• Alvania
• Amara
  • †Amara insignis
• Amauropsis
• Amelanchier
• Ammospermophilus
• †Amorpha
• †Amphicyon
  • †Amphicyon ingens
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene saber-toothed cat Amphimachairodus
  †Amphimachairodus
• Amphissa
  • †Amphissa versicolor
• Amphiura
• †Amphora
• †Ampullina
• Amusium
• Anachis
• Anadara
• Anas
  • †Anas americana
  • †Anas clypeata
  • †Anas platyrhynchos
• †Anchitheriomys – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Fossilized mandibles of the Miocene three-toed horse Anchitherium
  †Anchitherium
• Ancilla
• Angulus
• Anniella
• Anodontia
• Anomia
• †Ansen
• Anser
  • †Anser albifrons
• Antigona
• †Antilla
• Antilocapra
• Antrozous
  • †Antrozous pallidus
• Aphelocoma
  • †Aphelocoma californica
• 

  Reconstructive illustration of the skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene hornless rhinoceros Aphelops
  †Aphelops
• Apiotoma
• Aplodontia
  • †Aplodontia rufa
• Aquila
  • †Aquila chrysaetos
• †Araeosteus
  • †Araeosteus rothi
• Arbutus
• Arca
• †Arceuthobium
• †Archaeocyon
• †Archaeohippus
• Architectonica
• Archoplites
  • †Archoplites interruptus
• Arcinella
• Arctica – tentative report
• Arctocephalus
• 

  Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale
  †Arctodus
  • †Arctodus simus – type locality for species
• †Arctostaphylos
• Ardea
  • †Ardea herodias
• Arenaria
  • †Arenaria melanocephala
• Arene
• †Argenna
• Argobuccinum
• Argopecten
  • 

    Shells of Argopecten gibbus, or Atlantic calico scallops
    †Argopecten gibbus
  • †Argopecten purpuratus
• Argyropelecus
• †Artocarpus
• Asio
  • †Asio wilsonianus
• Astraea
  • †Astraea undosa
• Astrangia
• Astropecten
• Astyris
• Athene
  • †Athene cunicularia
• Athleta
• †Atocetus
  • †Atocetus nasalis – type locality for species
• Atrina
• †Aturia
• Atys
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Aulophyseter
  †Aulophyseter – type locality for genus
• Austrotrophon
• †Avipeda
• Aythya
  • †Aythya affinis
  • †Aythya valisineria
• Baiomys
• Balaenoptera
  • †Balaenoptera physalus
  • †Balaenoptera ryani
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene whale Balaenula
  †Balaenula
• Balanophyllia
  • †Balanophyllia elegans
• Balanus
  • †Balanus crenatus
  • †Balanus nubilus – or unidentified comparable form
• Bankia
• Barbarofusus
• Barbatia
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene-Pliocene false saber-toothed cat Barbourofelis
  †Barbourofelis
  • †Barbourofelis whitfordi
• Barleeia
• Barnea
• †Basirepomys
• Bassariscus
  • †Bassariscus astutus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Bathylagus – type locality for genus
• Bathytoma
  • †Bathytoma pacifica
• †Batodonoides
• Bembidion
• †Benoistia
• Beringraja
  • †Beringraja binoculata – or unidentified comparable form
• Betula
• Bison
  • †Bison antiquus
  • 

    Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene Bison latifrons, also known as the giant bison or long-horned bison
    †Bison latifrons
• Bittium
  • †Bittium alternatum – or unidentified comparable form
• Bivetopsia
• †Boavus
• †Bolbocara
• Bolinichthys
• Bonasa
  • †Bonasa umbellus
• †Bonellitia
• †Borophagus
  • †Borophagus diversidens
  • †Borophagus littoralis – type locality for species
  • †Borophagus parvus
  • †Borophagus secundus
• †Borophryne
  • †Borophryne apogon
• Brachidontes
• 

  Restorative portrait of the Miocene oreodont mammal Brachycrus
  †Brachycrus
• †Brachypsalis
• Brachyramphus
• Branta
  • †Branta canadensis
  • †Branta nigricans – tentative report
• Bubo
  • †Bubo virginianus
• Buccinum
  • †Buccinum strigillatum
• Bucephala
  • †Bucephala albeola
• †Bucida
• Bufo
• Bulla
  • †Bulla gouldiana
  • †Bulla striata
• Bullia
• †Bumelia
• Bursa
• Buteo
  • †Buteo borealis
  • 

    A living Buteo jamaicensis, or red-tailed hawk
    †Buteo jamaicensis
  • †Buteo swainsoni
• Cadulus
• Caecum
• †Calicovatellus – type locality for genus
  • †Calicovatellus petrodytes – type locality for species
• Calidris
  • †Calidris alba
• Californiconus
  • †Californiconus californicus
• Calliostoma
  • 

    A living Calliostoma annulatum, or purple-ring top sea snail
    †Calliostoma annulatum
  • †Calliostoma canaliculatum
  • †Calliostoma gemmulatum
  • †Calliostoma ligatum
  • †Calliostoma supragranosum
  • †Calliostoma tricolor
• Callista
• Callorhinus
  • †Callorhinus ursinus
• Calosoma
  • †Calosoma semilaeve
• Calyptraea
• †Calyptranthes
• 

  Life restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene camel Camelops
  †Camelops
  • †Camelops hesternus
  • †Camelops minidokae
• Campanile
• Camponotus – type locality for genus
  • †Camponotus festinatus – type locality for species
• †Canarium
• Cancellaria
  • †Cancellaria obesa
• Cancer
• Canis
  • †Canis dirus
  • †Canis edwardii
  • †Canis latrans
  • †Canis lepophagus
  • †Canis lupus
  • †Canis rufus
• Canthon
  • †Canthon praticola
  • †Canthon simplex
• †Cantius
• †Capromeryx
  • 

    Fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene dwarf pronghorn Capromeryx
    †Capromeryx minor
• Caracara
  • †Caracara cheriway
  • †Caracara plancus
• Carcharhinus
• Carcharias
• Carcharodon
  • †Carcharodon carcharias
  • †Carcharodon hastalis
• Carpelimus
• †Carpocyon
• Carya
• Caryophyllia
• Cassidulina
• Castanea
• Castanopsis
• Castor
  • †Castor californicus – or unidentified comparable form
• Cathartes
  • 

    A living Cathartes aura, or turkey vulture
    †Cathartes aura
• Catoptrophorus
  • †Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
• †Catostomus
• Ceanothus
• Cedrela
• †Celastrus
• Celtis
• Cepphus
  • †Cepphus columba
• Cercidiphyllum
• †Cercocarpus
• Cerithidea
  • †Cerithidea californica
• Cerithiopsis
• Cerithium
• †Cernina
• †Cerorhinca
• Cervus
  • †Cervus elaphus
• Cetorhinus
  • †Cetorhinus maximus
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium
  †Cetotherium
• †Chaenophryne
• Chaetodipus
  • †Chaetodipus formosus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Chalcidichthys – type locality for genus
• Chama
• †Chamaecyparis
• Charadrius
  • †Charadrius semipalmatus
• Chauliodus – type locality for genus
• Chelonia
• Chen
  • †Chen caerulescens
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene Chendytes, or Law's diving-goose
  †Chendytes – type locality for genus
  • †Chendytes lawi – type locality for species
• Chione
  • †Chione californiensis
• Chlamys
  • †Chlamys hastata
  • †Chlamys rubida
  • †Chlamys swifti
• Chlorostoma
• †Chorizanthe
• †Chrysobalanus
• †Chrysocyon
• †Chrysodomus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• †Chrysolepis
• Cibicides
• Cicindela
  • †Cicindela oregona
• 

  Shell and spines of a Cidaris sea urchin
  Cidaris
• Cinnamomum
• Cissus
• †Citellus
• Citharichthys
  • †Citharichthys stigmaeus
• Clathrodrillia
• Clathurella
• Clavilithes
• Clavus
• Clementia
• Clethrionomys
• Cletocamptus
• 

  Shell of a Clinocardium cockle
  Clinocardium
  • †Clinocardium nuttallii
• Cliona
• Clupea
• Clypeaster
• Cnemidophorus
• †Cocconeis
• Cochliomyia – type locality for genus
  • †Cochliomyia macellaria – type locality for species
• Codakia
• Colaptes
• †Colodon
• Coluber
  • †Coluber constrictor
• Colubraria
• Columba – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Columba fasciata
• Columbarium
• †Conasprelloides
• Concavus
• 

  Fossilized shell of a Conus cone snail
  Conus
  • †Conus fergusoni
  • †Conus regularis
  • †Conus scalaris
• †Cophocetus – tentative report
• Copris
• Coragyps
• Corbicula
• Corbula
• †Cormohipparion
• Cornus
• Coronula – tentative report
• Corvus
  • †Corvus brachyrhynchos
  • †Corvus corax
• †Cosoryx
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene palaeomerycid Cranioceras, a relative of modern deer, with anachronistic human to scale
  †Cranioceras
• Crassadoma
  • †Crassadoma gigantea
• Crassispira
  • †Crassispira montereyensis – or unidentified related form
• Crassostrea
  • †Crassostrea ashleyi
  • †Crassostrea titan
• Crataegus
• Crawfordina
• Crepidula
  • †Crepidula adunca
  • †Crepidula onyx
• Crepipatella
  • †Crepipatella lingulata
• †Crommium
• Crossata
  • †Crossata ventricosa
• Crotalus
  • 

    A living Crotalus viridis, or prairie rattlesnake
    †Crotalus viridis
• Crucibulum
  • †Crucibulum spinosum
• †Cryptocarya
• Cryptonatica
  • †Cryptonatica affinis
• Cryptotermes
• Cryptotis
• Cucullaea
• Culicoides
• Cumingia
• †Cupania
• †Cupressus
  • †Cupressus goveniana
• Cuspidaria
• †Cuyamacamelus
• Cyanocitta
  • †Cyanocitta stelleri
• Cybocephalus
  • †Cybocephalus californicus – or unidentified comparable form
• Cyclammina
• Cyclocardia
• 

  Illustration of a living Cyclothone bristlemouth
  Cyclothone
• Cygnus
  • †Cygnus columbianus
• Cylichna
• Cymatium
• Cymatogaster
  • †Cymatogaster aggregata
• †Cynarctoides
  • †Cynarctoides acridens
• †Cynarctus
• 

  Fossilized cranium of the Miocene bear-dog Cynelos
  †Cynelos
• Cynoscion
• Cyperus
• Cypraea
• Cyrtonyx
• Cystiscus
• Cythara
• Cytherea
• †Dalbergia
• †Daphoenodon – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Miocene bear-dog Daphoenus
  †Daphoenus
  • †Daphoenus ruber – type locality for species
• Dardanus
  • †Dardanus arrosor
• Dasyatis
• Dasyhelea
• †Decapterus
• Deltochilum – tentative report
• Dendragapus
  • †Dendragapus fuliginosus
  • †Dendragapus obscurus
• Dendraster
  • 

    A living Dendraster excentricus, or sea cake
    †Dendraster excentricus
• Dendrophyllia
• Dendryphantes
• Dentalium
  • †Dentalium neohexagonum
• Dermochelys – or unidentified related form
• Deroceras
• †Desmatippus
• †Desmatochoerus
• †Desmocyon
• †Desmodium
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene herbivorous marine mammal Desmostylus
  †Desmostylus
  • †Desmostylus hesperus – type locality for species
• Diacria
• †Diceratherium
• Dichocoenia
• †Dinohippus
• †Dinohyus
  • †Dinohyus hollandi
• Diodora
  • †Diodora arnoldi
  • †Diodora aspera
  • †Diodora inaequalis
• Diomedea
• †Diospyros
• Diploria
• Dipodomys
  • †Dipodomys agilis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Dipodomys compactus
  • †Dipodomys deserti – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Dipodomys heermanni – or unidentified comparable form
  • 

    A living Dipodomys merriami, or Merriam's kangaroo rat
    †Dipodomys merriami
  • †Dipodomys ordii
• †Dipoides
• †Diprionomys
• Discinisca
• †Discohelix
• †Dissacus
• Distorsio
• †Domnina
• Donax
  • †Donax gouldii
• Dosinia
  • †Dosinia dunkeri
• †Drimys – type locality for genus
• †Dromomeryx
• 

  Illustration of the fossilized jaws and teeth of the Eocene brontothere mammal Duchesneodus
  †Duchesneodus
• †Dusisiren
• Dytiscus
• Echinarachnius
• Echinorhinus
• Eclipes – type locality for genus
• †Ectasis – type locality for genus
• †Ectopistes
  • †Ectopistes migratorius
• Eleodes
  • †Eleodes osculans – type locality for species
• Elgaria
  • †Elgaria multicarinata
• 

  Life restoration of two of the Eocene-Oligocene anthracothere mammal Elomeryx being menaced by fellow-anthracothere Anthracotherium
  †Elomeryx
• †Enaliarctos
  • †Enaliarctos mealsi
  • †Enaliarctos mitchelli
• †Enallagma – type locality for genus
• Engelhardtia
• Engina
• Enhydra
  • †Enhydra lutris
  • †Enhydritherium terraenovae
• Ensis
• Entomobrya
• †Eomellivora
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Pliocene frog Eopelobates
  †Eopelobates
• †Eosurcula
• †Epicyon
  • †Epicyon haydeni
• †Epihippus
• Epinephelus
• †Epiphragmophora
• Epitonium
• Eptesicus
  • †Eptesicus fuscus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Equisetum
• Equus
  • †Equus idahoensi
  • 

    Restoration of the Pliocene-Holocene horse Equus scotti, or Scott's horse
    †Equus scotti
  • †Equus simplicidens
• Eremophila
  • †Eremophila alpestris
• Erethizon
  • †Erethizon dorsatum
• †Eriquius
• Eschrichtius
  • †Eschrichtius robustus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Etringus
• Eubalaena – or unidentified comparable form
• †Eucastor
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene bovid Euceratherium, or the shrub ox. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Euceratherium – type locality for genus
  • †Euceratherium collinum – type locality for species
• †Eucyon
  • †Eucyon davisi
• Euleptorhamphus
• Eumetopias
• †Euoplocyon
• Euphagus
  • †Euphagus cyanocephalus
• Euscelis
• Eusmilia
• Euspira
  • †Euspira lewisii
• Eutamias
• †Eutrephoceras
• Euvola
• †Evesthes
• †Exilia
• Falco
  • 

    A living Falco peregrinus, or peregrine falcon
    †Falco peregrinus
  • †Falco sparverius
• Felis
• †Ficopsis
• Ficus
• Fimbria
• Fissurella
  • †Fissurella volcano
• Flabellipecten
• Flabellum
• †Forestiera
• Forreria
  • †Forreria belcheri
• †Fragilaria
• Fratercula
  • 

    A living Fratercula cirrhata, or tufted puffin
    †Fratercula cirrhata
  • †Fratercula dowi – type locality for species
• †Fraxinus
• Fulgoraria
• †Fulica
  • †Fulica americana
• Fulmarus
  • †Fulmarus glacialis
• Fusinus
  • †Fusinus barbarensis
  • †Fusinus luteopictus
• 

  A living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark
  Galeocerdo
  • †Galeocerdo aduncus
• Galeodea
• Galeorhinus
• †Ganolytes
• Gari
• Gasterosteus
  • †Gasterosteus aculeatus
• Gastrochaena
• Gavia
  • †Gavia arctica
  • 

    A living Gavia immer, or common loon
    †Gavia immer
  • †Gavia pacifica
  • †Gavia stellata
• Gemmula
• Genota
• Genyonemus
  • †Genyonemus lineatus
• Geochelone
• †Geococcyx
  • 

    A living Geococcyx californianus, or greater roadrunner
    †Geococcyx californianus
• Geomys
• Geranoaetus
• Gerrhonotus
• †Gila – tentative report
• †Gilbertia
• Glans
• Glaucidium
  • †Glaucidium gnoma
• Glebocarcinus
• Globigerina
  • †Globigerina bulloides
• Globularia
• Glossus
• Glycimeris
• Glycymeris
• Glyptoactis
• Glyptostrobus
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene walrus Gomphotaria
  †Gomphotaria – type locality for genus
  • †Gomphotaria pugnax – type locality for species
• †Gomphotherium
• †Goniobasis – tentative report
• Goniopora
• Gopherus
  • †Gopherus agassizii
• †Gordonia
• Granulina
• Gymnogyps
  • †Gymnogyps californianus – type locality for species
• Gyroidina
• Haliaeetus
  • †Haliaeetus leucocephalus
• †Haliaetus
• Haminoea
• 

  Fossilized skull of the mesonychian mammal Harpagolestes
  †Harpagolestes – or unidentified comparable form
• Heloderma
• †Hemiauchenia
  • †Hemiauchenia macrocephala
• Hemipristis
  • †Hemipristis serra
• Hemitelia
• Hemitoma
• Here
• †Herpetocetus
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene mammal Herpetotherium
  †Herpetotherium
  • †Herpetotherium knighti – or unidentified comparable form
• Hespererato
  • †Hespererato columbella
• †Hesperocamelus – or unidentified comparable form
• Hesperomys
• †Hesperotestudo
• Heterodontus
• Hexagrammos
• Hexanchus
• Hiatella
  • †Hiatella arctica
• †Hiltonius
• 

  Life restoration of a herd of the Miocene-Pleistocene horse Hipparion. Heinrich Harder (1920).
  †Hipparion
  • †Hipparion forcei
• †Hippidion
• Hipponix
• †Hipponoe
• †Hippotherium
• Histrionicus
  • †Histrionicus histrionicus – tentative report
• Hodomys
• Homalopoma
• Homo
  • †Homo sapiens
• 

  Restoration of Pliocene-Pleistocene Homotherium, or scimitar cat
  †Homotherium
  • †Homotherium serum – or unidentified comparable form
• †Hoplophoneus
• †Hyaenodon
  • †Hyaenodon venturae
  • †Hyaenodon vetus – type locality for species
• Hyalina
• Hydrangea
• †Hydrodamalis
  • †Hydrodamalis cuestae – type locality for species
  • †Hydrodamalis gigas
• Hydrophilus
• Hyla
• †Hyopsodus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Hyperbaena
• †Hypertragulus
• †Hypohippus
• †Hypolagus
• †Hyrachyus
• †Ilingoceros
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene walrus Imagotaria
  †Imagotaria – type locality for genus
  • †Imagotaria downsi – type locality for species
• †Indarctos
• †Inga
• †Ioscion
• Ischnochiton
• †Ischyrocyon
• †Ischyromys
• Isognomon
• Isurus
  • †Isurus oxyrinchus
  • †Isurus planus
• Jaton
• †Julus
• †Juncus
• Juniperus
• Kelletia
  • †Kelletia kelletii
• Kellia
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon
  †Kentriodon – type locality for genus
• †Keteleeria
• †Kingena
• Kurtzia
  • †Kurtzia arteaga
• Kurtziella
  • †Kurtziella plumbea
• †Labyrinthus
• Lacuna
  • †Lacuna porrecta
  • †Lacuna unifasciata
• †Lacunaria
• Laevicardium
  • †Laevicardium elatum
• Lagena
• Lamna
• Lampanyctus
• †Lampris – type locality for genus
  • 

    Life restoration of the Miocene opah fish Lampris zatima
    †Lampris zatima – type locality for species
• Lampropeltis
  • †Lampropeltis getulus
• Larus
  • †Larus californicus
  • †Larus delawarensis
  • †Larus glaucescens
  • †Larus philadelphia
• Latirus
• †Laytonia – type locality for genus
• Lechytia
• Leda
• Lepeta
• Lepidochitona
• Lepisosteus
  • †Lepisosteus spatula – or unidentified comparable form
• †Leptacanthichthys
  • †Leptacanthichthys gracilispinis
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene-Miocene dog Leptocyon
  †Leptocyon
• †Leptomeryx
  • †Leptopecten latiauratus
• †Leptoreodon
• Lepus
  • †Lepus americanus
  • †Lepus californicus
  • †Lepus callotis
• Leukoma
  • †Leukoma staminea
• Lima
• Limaria
• 

  Top view of a fossilized skull of the Eocene creodont mammal Limnocyon
  †Limnocyon
• †Limosa
  • †Limosa fedoa
• Linga
• †Linophryne
  • †Linophryne indica
• †Liolithax – type locality for genus
• Liquidambar
• †Lirosceles
• Lirularia
  • †Lirularia lirulata
• Lissodelphis – or unidentified comparable form
• †Lithocarpus
• Lithophaga
• Lithophyllum
• 

  Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene bird Lithornis
  †Lithornis – or unidentified comparable form
• Lithothamnion
• Littorina
  • †Littorina scutulata
• †Lompoquia – type locality for genus
• Lontra
  • †Lontra canadensis
• †Lophar – type locality for genus
• †Lophocetus
• †Lophortyx
• †Lora
• Lottia
  • †Lottia limatula
  • †Lottia scabra
• Lucapinella
  • †Lucapinella callomarginata
• Lucina
• Luidia
• †Lycophocyon – type locality for genus
  • †Lycophocyon hutchisoni – type locality for species
• †Lygisma – type locality for genus
• Lygodium
• Lynx
  • †Lynx rufus
• Lyonsia
• Lyria
• 

  Fossilized cranium of the Miocene-Pleistocene saber-toothed cat Machairodus
  †Machairodus
• Macoma
  • †Macoma nasuta
• Macrarene
• Macrocallista
• †Macrodelphinus – type locality for genus
• Madrepora
• Magnolia
• Mahonia
• Makaira
• Malea
  • †Malea ringens
• Mallotus
• †Mammut
  • †Mammut americanum
  • †Mammut cosoensis
  • †Mammut matthewi
• †Mammuthus
  • †Mammuthus columbi
  • 

    Reconstructive illustration of the skeleton of a Mammuthus exilis, or pygmy mammoth
    †Mammuthus exilis
  • †Mammuthus primigenius
• †Mancalla – type locality for genus
  • †Mancalla californiensis – type locality for species
• †Mangelia
• Margarites
  • †Margarites pupillus
• Marginella
• Marmota
• Martes
• Martesia
• Maxwellia
  • †Maxwellia gemma
• †Mayena – tentative report
• †Mediochoerus
• †Megacamelus
• Megachasma
• Megachile
  • †Megachile gentilis
• †Megahippus
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx
  †Megalonyx
  • †Megalonyx jeffersonii
  • †Megalonyx wheatleyi
• Megalops – tentative report
• †Megapaloelodus
• Megaptera
• Megathura – tentative report
• †Megatylopus
• Melampus
• Melanella
• Melanitta
  • †Melanitta deglandi – tentative report
  • †Melanitta fusca
  • †Melanitta perspicillata
• Melanoplus
  • †Melanoplus differentialis
• Meleagris
• †Meliosma
• Melospiza
  • †Melospiza melodia
• †Meniscotherium
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene rhinoceros Menoceras
  †Menoceras
• Mephitis
  • †Mephitis mephitis
• Meretrix
• Mergus
  • †Mergus serrator
• Merluccius
  • †Merluccius productus
• †Merriamoceros
• †Merychippus
• †Merychyus
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene pronghorn Merycodus
  †Merycodus
• Mesalia
• †Mesocyon
• †Mesodma – tentative report
• †Mesohippus
• Mesophyllum
• †Mesoreodon
• †Metalopex
• †Metarhinus
• †Metatomarctus
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium
  †Metaxytherium
• †Miacis
• †Michenia
• †Microcosmodon – or unidentified comparable form
• Microdipodops
• Microgadus – tentative report
• †Microsyops
• †Microtomarctus
• Microtus
  • †Microtus californicus
• †Miocryptorhopalum – type locality for genus
• †Miocyon
• †Miohippus
• †Miomancalla
• †Miotapirus
• †Miotylopus
• 

  Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah
  †Miracinonyx
  • †Miracinonyx studeri – tentative report
• Mirounga
  • †Mirounga angustirostris – or unidentified comparable form
• Mitra
  • †Mitra fultoni
  • †Mitra idae
• Mitrella
  • †Mitrella carinata
• †Mixocetus – type locality for genus
• Modiolus
  • †Modiolus capax – or unidentified comparable form
• Modulus
• Monoplex
  • †Monoplex amictus
• †Monosaulax
• Montipora
• Mopalia
  • †Mopalia ciliata
• †Moropus
• Morula
• Morus – or unidentified comparable form
• Morus
• Mulinia
• Murex – or unidentified related form
• Musculus
• Mustela
  • †Mustela frenata
• †Mya
  • †Mya truncata
• Myctophum
• Myliobatis
  • †Myliobatis californicus
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus
  †Mylohyus
  • †Mylohyus fossilis
• †Mylopharodon
  • †Mylopharodon conocephalus
• Mytilus
  • †Mytilus californianus
  • †Mytilus edulis
• Myurella
• †Nannippus
• †Nannocetus – type locality for genus
• †Nanotragulus
• Narona
  • †Narona clavatula
• Nassa
• 

  A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail
  Nassarius
  • †Nassarius fossatus
• Natica
• Naticarius
• †Navahoceros
• Nectandra
• Negaprion
• †Neobernaya
  • †Neobernaya spadicea
• †Neogyps
  • †Neogyps errans
• †Neohipparion
• †Neoliotomus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Neolitsea
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene aquatic desmostylian mammal Neoparadoxia
  †Neoparadoxia – type locality for genus
  • †Neoparadoxia cecilialina – type locality for species
  • †Neoparadoxia repenningi – type locality for species
• Neophrontops
  • †Neophrontops americanus
• †Neoplagiaulax
• Neotamias
  • †Neotamias senex
• †Neotherium – type locality for genus
• Neotoma
  • †Neotoma cinerea – type locality for species
  • †Neotoma fuscipes
  • †Neotoma lepida
• Neptunea
• Nerita
• Neritina
• †Nerium
• Neverita
• Nicrophorus
  • †Nicrophorus guttula
  • †Nicrophorus marginatus – type locality for species
  • †Nicrophorus nigrita
• †Nimravides
• 

  Illustration of the fossilized skull of the Oligocene false saber-toothed cat Nimravus
  †Nimravus
• Niso – tentative report
• †Nitzschia
• Nodipecten
  • †Nodipecten subnodosus
• Norrisia
  • †Norrisia norrisii
• †Nothrotheriops
• †Nothrotherium
• Notiosorex
  • †Notiosorex crawfordi
• Notoacmea
• 

  Illustration of a living Notorynchus cow shark
  Notorhynchus
• †Nototamias
• Nucella
  • †Nucella emarginata
  • †Nucella lamellosa
  • †Nucella lima
• Nucula
• Numenius
  • 

    A living Numenius phaeopus, or whimbrel
    †Numenius phaeopus
• Nuttallia
• †Nyssa
• Oceanodroma
  • †Oceanodroma furcata
  • †Oceanodroma homochroa
• Ocenebra
• Ocotea
• †Ocystias
• †Odaxosaurus
• Odobenus
  • †Odobenus rosmarus
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene Odocoileus lucasi, or American mountain deer
  Odocoileus
  • †Odocoileus hemionus
  • †Odocoileus virginianus – or unidentified comparable form
• Odontaspis
  • †Odontaspis ferox
• Odostomia
  • †Odostomia avellana
  • †Odostomia beringi – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Odostomia californica – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Odostomia callimene – or unidentified related form
  • †Odostomia columbiana – or unidentified comparable form
  • 

    Illustration of the shell of an Odostomia donilla pyram shell sea snail
    †Odostomia donilla
  • †Odostomia eugena
  • †Odostomia farallonensis
  • †Odostomia fetella
  • †Odostomia gravida
  • †Odostomia helena
  • †Odostomia minutissima – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Odostomia nemo
  • †Odostomia nota
  • †Odostomia stephensae
  • †Odostomia tenuisculpta – or unidentified comparable form
• Oenopota
  • †Oenopota tabulata
• Oliva
  • †Oliva spicata
• Olivella
  • †Olivella baetica
  • †Olivella biplicata
  • †Olivella gracilis
  • †Olivella pedroana
• Oncorhynchus
  • 

    Life restoration of a school of the Miocene-Pleistocene Oncorhynchus rastrosus, or saber-toothed salmon
    †Oncorhynchus rastrosus
• Ondatra
• Oneirodes
• Onthophagus
• Onychomys
  • †Onychomys torridus
• Ophiodermella
  • †Ophiodermella inermis
• †Opisthonema
• Oreamnos
  • †Oreamnos americanus
• Oreortyx
  • †Oreortyx picta
• Orthemis
  • †Orthemis ferruginea
• Orthodon
• †Osbornodon
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene pseudo-toothed bird Osteodontornis
  †Osteodontornis – type locality for genus
  • †Osteodontornis orri – type locality for species
• Ostrea
  • †Ostrea conchaphila
  • †Ostrea lurida
• †Otodus
  • †Otodus megalodon
• Otus
  • †Otus asio
• Ovibos
  • †Ovibos moschatus
• Ovis
  • †Ovis canadensis
• †Oxyrhina
• †Oxyura
  • †Oxyura jamaicensis
• †Ozymandias – type locality for genus
• †Pacifichelys
• †Palaeolagus
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene aquatic desmostylian mammal Paleoparadoxia
  †Paleoparadoxia
  • †Paleoparadoxia tabatai
• Pandora
• Panopea
  • †Panopea abrupta
• Panthera
  • †Panthera leo
  • †Panthera onca – or unidentified comparable form
• †Parabalaenoptera – type locality for genus
  • †Parabalaenoptera baulinensis – type locality for species
• †Paracynarctus
• †Parahippus
• Paralichthys – type locality for genus
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Paramylodon
  †Paramylodon
  • †Paramylodon harlani
• †Paramys
• †Parapontoporia
  • †Parapontoporia sternbergi – type locality for species
• †Parastylotermes
  • †Parastylotermes calico – type locality for species
  • †Parastylotermes frazieri – type locality for species
• †Paratomarctus
• †Parietobalaena
• †Paronychomys
• †Parribacus
• Patelloida
• Pecten
• †Pedalion
• †Pediomeryx
• †Pelagiarctos – type locality for genus
  • †Pelagiarctos thomasi – type locality for species
• 

  Reconstructive illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene-Pleistocene pseudo-toothed bird Pelagornis, with close-up insets of its pseudo-teeth
  †Pelagornis
• Pelecanus
  • †Pelecanus erythrorhynchus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pelecanus occidentalis
• †Peltosaurus
• †Peraceras
• Perognathus
• Peromyscus
  • †Peromyscus truei – or unidentified comparable form
• †Perse
• Persea
• Persististrombus
• Petricola
• Phalacrocorax
  • †Phalacrocorax auritus
  • †Phalacrocorax pelagicus
  • †Phalacrocorax penicillatus
• Phalaropus
  • †Phalaropus fulicaria
  • †Phalaropus lobatus
• †Phanaeus
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized skull in multiple views of the Oligocene-Miocene bone-crushing dog Phlaocyon
  †Phlaocyon
• Phloeodes
  • †Phloeodes diabolicus
  • †Phloeodes plicatus
• †Phoberogale
• Phoca
  • †Phoca vitulina – or unidentified comparable form
• Phocoena – or unidentified comparable form
• †Phoebastria
  • †Phoebastria albatrus – type locality for species
• Phoenicopterus – or unidentified comparable form
• Pholadidea
• Pholadomya
• Pholas
• Phos
• †Photinia
• 

  A living Phrynosoma, or horned lizard
  Phrynosoma
• Phyllonotus
• Physa
• Picea
• Pinna
• Pinus
  • †Pinus muricata
  • †Pinus radiata
• Piranga
  • †Piranga ludoviciana
• Pitar
• Pituophis
  • †Pituophis melanoleucus
• Pitymys
• Platanus
• 

  Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
  †Platygonus
• Platynus
• Plegadis
  • †Plegadis chihi
• †Pleiolama
• †Plesiadapis
• †Plesiogulo
• Pleurofusia
• †Pleuroncodes
• †Pleuronichthys
• †Pliauchenia
• †Pliocyon
• †Pliohippus
• †Pliometanastes
• †Plionarctos
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene walrus Pliopedia
  †Pliopedia – type locality for genus
  • †Pliopedia pacifica – type locality for species
• †Plithocyon
• Pluvialis
  • †Pluvialis squatarola
• †Poabromylus – tentative report
• Pocillopora
• Podiceps
  • †Podiceps auritus
• Podilymbus
  • †Podilymbus podiceps
• Pododesmus
  • †Pododesmus macrochisma
• †Poebrodon
  • †Poebrodon californicus – type locality for species
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene false faber-toothed cat Pogonodon
  †Pogonodon
• Polinices
  • †Polinices lewisii
• Polydora
• Polymesoda
• Polystira
• †Pongamia
• †Pontolis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pontolis magnus
• Populus
• Porichthys
  • 

    A modern Porichthys notatus, or plainfin midshipman
    †Porichthys notatus
• Porites
• †Portunites
• †Potamides
• †Praemancalla – type locality for genus
• Priene
• Prionace
  • †Prionace glauca
• †Pristichampsus
• Pristiophorus
• †Procamelus
• †Procynodictis
• Procyon
  • †Procyon lotor
• †Promartes
• †Protanthias – type locality for genus
• †Protepicyon
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene brontothere mammal Protitanops
  †Protitanops
• †Protohepialus – type locality for genus
  • †Protohepialus comstocki – type locality for species
• †Protolabis
• †Protomarctus
• †Protostrix
• Protothaca
• †Protylopus
• Prunus
• 

  Hypothetical restoration of the Oligocene-Pliocene sea turtle Psephophorus
  †Psephophorus
• †Pseudaelurus
• Pseudochama
• Pseudoliva
• Pseudomelatoma
  • †Pseudomelatoma penicillata
• †Pseudoseriola – type locality for genus
• †Pseudotsuga
• Pteria
• †Pteroplatea
• Pteropurpura
  • †Pteropurpura festiva
• Pterostichus
• Pterynotus
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Paleocene multituberculate mammal Ptilodus
  †Ptilodus
• Ptinus
• Ptychoramphus
  • †Ptychoramphus aleuticus
• Puffinus
  • †Puffinus griseus
  • †Puffinus opisthomelas
  • †Puffinus tenuirostris
• †Puma
  • †Puma concolor – type locality for species
• Puncturella
  • †Puncturella galeata
• Purpura
• Pusula
• 

  Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Cretaceous-Pleistocene oyster Pycnodonte
  Pycnodonte
• Pyramidella
  • †Pyramidella adamsi – or unidentified comparable form
• Pyrene
• Quercus
• Raja
• Rallus
  • †Rallus limicola
• †Ramoceros
• †Raja
• Rallus
  • †Rallus limicola
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene pronghorn Ramoceros and Cosoryx. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Ramoceros
• †Rana
• Rapana
• Recurvirostra
• Reithrodontomys
• †Repomys
• Reticulitermes
• Reticutriton
• Retusa
• †Rhabdammina
• †Rhamnidium
• †Rhamnus
• Rhus
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene elephant relative Rhynchotherium
  †Rhynchotherium
• †Rhythmias
• Rimella
• Rissa
  • †Rissa tridactyla
• Rissoina
• †Robinia
• †Rotularia
• Sabal
• Sagmatias
• Salix
• †Saniwa
  • †Saniwa ensidens – type locality for species
• †Sapindus
• †Sarda
• Sassia
• Saxidomus
  • †Saxidomus gigantea
  • †Saxidomus nuttalli
• 

  Fossilized teeth of the Neogene sperm whale Scaldicetus
  †Scaldicetus
• Scapanus
  • †Scapanus latimanus
• Scaphander
• Scapharca
• Scaphinotus
  • †Scaphinotus interruptus
• †Scaphohippus
• Sceloporus
  • †Sceloporus occidentalis
• †Schistomerus – type locality for genus
  • †Schistomerus californense – type locality for species
• Schizaster
• Sciurus
• Scomber
• †Scomberesox
• 

  Illustration of a living Scopelogadus ridgehead
  Scopelogadus
• †Scutella
• Scyliorhinus
• †Scymnorhinus
• †Sebastodes
• Seila
• Semele – tentative report
• Semele
• Semicassis
• Semicossyphus
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Pliocene porpoise Semirostrum
  †Semirostrum – type locality for genus
  • †Semirostrum ceruttii – type locality for species
• †Sequoiadendron
• †Serbelodon
• Serica
• Seriola
• Seriphus
  • †Seriphus politus
• Serpula
• Serpulorbis
• 

  Restoration of two species of the Oligocene oreodont mammal genus Sespia
  †Sespia
• Siderastrea
• Sigmodon
• Sigmoilina – tentative report
• Siliqua
  • †Siliqua patula – or unidentified related form
• Sinum
• Siphonalia
• Skenea
  • †Skenea californica
• †Smilax
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon
  †Smilodon
  • †Smilodon fatalis
  • †Smilodon gracilis
• †Smilodonichthys
• Solariella
  • †Solariella peramabilis
• Solemya
• Solen
• Solenosteira
• Sorex
• Spermophilus
  • 

    A living Otospermophilus beecheyi (formerly Spermophilus beecheyi), or California ground squirrel
    †Spermophilus beecheyi
  • †Spermophilus lateralis
• Sphyrna
• Spilogale
  • †Spilogale putorius
• Spirotropis
• Spisula
• Spondylus
• Squalus
• Squatina
  • †Squatina californica – or unidentified comparable form
• Squilla
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Stegomastodon
  †Stegomastodon
  • †Stegomastodon mirificus – or unidentified comparable form
• Stenella
• †Stenomylus
  • †Stenomylus hitchcocki – or unidentified comparable form
• Stenoplax
  • †Stenoplax conspicua
• Stercorarius
• Sterna
• †Sternbergia – type locality for genus
• Sthenictis
• †Stictocarbo
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the fossil pronghorn Stockoceros
  †Stockoceros – or unidentified comparable form
• Stomias
• Stramonita
  • †Stramonita biserialis
  • †Stramonita canaliculata
• †Striatolamia
• Strioterebrum
• Strombiformis
• Strombus
  • †Strombus galeatus
  • †Strombus gracilior
• Strongylocentrotus
• †Strongylodon
• Sturnella
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene tortoise Stylemys
  †Stylemys
• Subcancilla
  • †Subcancilla sulcata
• †Subhyracodon
• Succinea
• Sula
• †Syllomus – or unidentified comparable form
• Sylvilagus
  • †Sylvilagus audubonii
  • †Sylvilagus bachmani
  • †Sylvilagus floridanus
• 

  A living Syngnathus pipefish
  Syngnathus
• Synthliboramphus
  • †Synthliboramphus antiquus
  • †Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
• †Tabernaemontana
• Tadorna
  • †Tadorna tadorna
• Tagelus
  • †Tagelus californianus
  • †Tagelus subteres
• Tamias
• Tamiasciurus
  • †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
• †Tanymykter
• 

  A living Tapirus, or tapir
  Tapirus
  • †Tapirus californicus
  • †Tapirus merriami – type locality for species
• †Tapocyon
• Taranis
• Taricha
• Taxidea
  • †Taxidea taxus
• Tayassu
• Tegula
  • †Tegula aureotincta
  • †Tegula eiseni
  • †Tegula ligulata
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras
  †Teleoceras
• Tellina
• †Temnocyon
• Tenagodus
• †Teratornis
  • †Teratornis merriami
• Terebellum
• Terebra
  • †Terebra pedroana
  • †Terebra protexta
• Terebratula
• Teredo
• Terminalia
• †Tessarolax – tentative report
• Testudo
• †Tetraclaenodon
• †Tetrameryx
• Thais
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene fur seal Thalassoleon
  †Thalassoleon
  • †Thalassoleon macnallyae – type locality for species
  • †Thalassoleon mexicanus
• †Thamnasteria
• Thamnophis
• Thomomys
  • †Thomomys bottae
  • †Thomomys monticola
• Thracia
• Thunnus – type locality for genus
• Thyasira
• †Thyrsites
• †Ticholeptus
• Timoclea
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene camel Titanotylopus
  †Titanotylopus
• Tivela
  • †Tivela stultorum
• †Tomarctus
  • †Tomarctus brevirostris
  • †Tomarctus hippophaga
• Totanus
• †Toxicodendron
• Toxopneustes
  • †Toxopneustes roseus – or unidentified comparable form
• Toxostoma
  • †Toxostoma redivivum
• Trachycardium
• 

  A living Tremarctos, or spectacled bear
  Tremarctos
  • †Tremarctos floridanus
• Tresus
  • †Tresus capax
  • †Tresus nuttallii
• Triakis – tentative report
• Trichotropis
• Tricolia
  • †Tricolia pulloides
  • †Trigonictis macrodon
• Trionyx
• Triphora
• Triplofusus
  • †Triplofusus princeps
• Trochita
• †Trogosus
• Trophon
• Tucetona
  • †Tucetona multicostata
• †Tunita – type locality for genus
• Turbonilla
  • †Turbonilla aepynota
  • †Turbonilla almo
  • †Turbonilla asser
  • †Turbonilla canfieldi
  • †Turbonilla carpenteri
  • †Turbonilla laminata
  • †Turbonilla pentalopha
  • †Turbonilla raymondi
  • †Turbonilla regina
  • †Turbonilla stylina
  • †Turbonilla tenuicula
  • †Turbonilla torquata
  • †Turbonilla tridentata
  • †Turbonilla weldi
• 

  Shell of a Turcica sea snail
  Turcica
  • †Turcica caffea
• Turdus
• †Turio
• Turricula
• Turris
• Turritella
• Turritriton
  • †Turritriton gibbosus
• Tursiops – or unidentified comparable form
• Typha
• Typhis
• Tyto
  • †Tyto alba
• Uca
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene mammal Uintatherium
  †Uintatherium
• Ulmus
• †Umbellularia
• Uria
  • †Uria aalge
• †Urobatis
  • †Urobatis halleri
• †Urocitellus
  • †Urocitellus beldingi
• Urocyon
  • †Urocyon cinereoargenteus
• Urolophus
  • †Urolophus halleri – tentative report
• Ursus
  • 

    A living Ursus americanus, or American black bear
    †Ursus americanus
• †Ustatochoerus
• Uta
  • †Uta stansburiana
• †Valenictus – type locality for genus
  • †Valenictus chulavistensis – type locality for species
  • †Valenictus imperialensis – type locality for species
• †Vanderhoofius
• Vasum
• †Vauquelinia
• †Velates
• Velutina
  • †Velutina velutina
• Venericardia
• Venus
• Vermicularia
• Veromessor
• 

  Leaves and fruit of a living Viburnum.
  †Viburnum
• †Vireo
• Vitrinella – tentative report
• Volsella
• Voluta
• Volutopsius
• †Vouapa
• Vulpes
  • †Vulpes cascadensis
  • †Vulpes velox
• Williamia
• †Wodnika
• 

  Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous-modern carrier shell sea snail Xenophora
  Xenophora
• †Xyne – type locality for genus
• Yoldia
  • †Yoldia cooperii
• †Yumaceras – tentative report
• †Zachrysia
• Zalophus
  • †Zalophus californianus
• †Zamites
• †Zaphleges
  • †Zaphleges longurio
• †Zapteryx
• †Zarhinocetus
  • †Zarhinocetus errabundus – type locality for species
• Zelkova
• Zenaida
  • †Zenaida macroura
• Zonotrichia
  • †Zonotrichia leucophrys
• 

  Known material diagram depicting the Miocene-Pleistocene mastodon relative Zygolophodon with a human to scale
  †Zygolophodon