Legalism facts for kids

Legalism was one of the four main philosophies in Chinese history during the Warring States Period (475–221 BCE). It is a political philosophy which says that people are bad by nature and need to be controlled by the government.

Legalism became the foundation of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), which unified China but was criticized for its harshness and authoritarianism.

Key thinkers

• Han Feizi (c. 280–233 BCE): A major proponent who synthesized Legalist ideas.
• Shang Yang (c. 390–338 BCE): Known for his reforms in the Qin state.
• Li Si (c. 280–208 BCE): Helped implement legalist policies during the Qin dynasty.

Core principles

• Rule by law: Strict laws and clear punishments are essential for maintaining order.
• Power (Shi): The ruler's authority must be absolute and unchallengeable.
• Technique (Shu): Rulers should use tactics and manipulation to maintain control.
• Rewards and Punishments: Compliance is ensured through a system of rewards for obedience and harsh punishments for disobedience.

The Qin Dynasty

The Qin dynasty, founded by Qin Shi Huang, is the best example of legalism in action. Qin Shi Huang implemented many legalist policies, including:

• Standardization: He standardized weights, measures, currency, and writing. This made trade and communication easier throughout the empire.

• Constructionprojects: He oversaw massive construction projects, including the Great Wall of China and a vast network of roads and canals. These projects required a huge workforce and demonstrated the power of the centralized government.

• Harsh punishments: He enforced strict laws and harsh punishments, including death for even minor offenses. This created a climate of fear and obedience.

• Book burning: In an attempt to control information and thought, he ordered the burning of many books, except those related to agriculture, medicine, and divination. This was a drastic measure to suppress dissenting opinions.

The Qin dynasty was short-lived, lasting only 15 years. The harshness of legalism led to widespread resentment and rebellion. The people revolted against the oppressive rule, and the dynasty collapsed.

Related pages

• Confucianism
• Taoism

See also

In Spanish: Legalismo para niños