Kukaniloko Birth Site facts for kids
Quick facts for kids |
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Kukaniloko Birth Site
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View from park entrance toward Kolekole Pass
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 Location in Hawaii
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| Nearest city | Wahiawa, Hawaii |
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| Area | 5 acres (2.0 hectares) |
| Built | prior to the 13th century |
| Architectural style | Ancient Hawaiian |
| NRHP reference No. | 73000674 and 94001640 |
| Added to NRHP | April 11, 1973 (original) and February 09, 1995 (increase) |
Kūkaniloko Birth Site, also known as the Kūkaniloko Birthstones State Monument, is one of the most important ancient cultural sites on the island of Oʻahu. It was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and its boundaries were increased in 1995, after 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land which included the site became a state park in 1992.
Geography
Kūkaniloko lies in the Wahiawā Plateau between Oʻahu's two mountain ranges: the Waiʻanaes to leeward, and the Koʻolaus to windward. It also lies at the intersection of two major paths of overland travel: the Waialua Trail between the North Shore and ʻEwa Beach, and the Kolekole Trail through the Waiʻanae Range.
The site is not only the piko of the island, but its placement across from the Waiʻanae Range could have been used as a calendar. The sun could be observed at Kūkaniloko by using certain markers.
The present day location is near the intersection of Kamehameha Highway and Whitmore Avenue just north of Wahiawā, Hawaiʻi.
History
Kūkaniloko, meaning "to anchor the cry from within," is the geographic piko (navel) of Oʻahu. Kūkaniloko was symbolically the most powerful birth site for the island's high chiefs, among whom Kakuhihewa and Maʻilikākahi were perhaps most famous. At this site, women gave birth to aliʻi (royal) children, surrounded by ali'i witnesses.
The Hoʻolonopahu Heiau associated with the site was later destroyed, as were many others in the area, to make room for sugarcane and pineapple fields in the rich soils where sweet potato and yam once grew in abundance. Chiefly families lived along the slopes of the Waiʻanaes overlooking the plateau and along the shores of Waialua to the north, and many key battles between rivals for control of Oʻahu were also fought on the central plains surrounding Kūkaniloko.
The wide view of the skies from Kūkaniloko might also have made it a sort of Hawaiian Stonehenge. In April 2000, a team from the University of Hawaiʻi Institute for Astronomy recorded designs and shapes on the stones that could have been used to track the movements of celestial objects for calendrical purposes.
Gallery
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View from entrance stones to central stones
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Ki plants on raised earth platform
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Shape of northern Waiʻanae Range
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Central stones and coconut palms
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Plant offerings at central stones
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Corrugated central stone
- Barron, Kamira. Kukaniloko: A Living Legend
