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For the Northern Irish footballer, see John Lavery (footballer, born 1919). For the English footballer, see John Lavery (footballer, born 1877).
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Sir John Lavery
John Lavery.png
Born (1856-03-20)20 March 1856
Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland
Died 10 January 1941(1941-01-10) (aged 84)
Kilmoganny, County Kilkenny, Ireland
Resting place Putney Vale Cemetery
Nationality Irish
Alma mater Haldane Academy
Known for portraits and wartime depictions
Spouse(s) Kathleen MacDermott (1889–1891)
Hazel Martyn (1909–1935)

Sir John Lavery RA RSA RHA (20 March 1856 – 10 January 1941) was an Irish painter best known for his portraits and wartime depictions.

Life and career

Evelyn Farquhar by John Lavery
Evelyn Farquhar, wife of Captain Francis Douglas Farquhar

John Lavery was born in inner North Belfast, baptised at St Patrick's Church, Belfast and, while still a child, moved to Scotland where he attended Haldane Academy in Glasgow in the 1870s. In 1878 he set up his own studio which was razed in a fire in the following year. With a £300 insurance pay-out he spent a year studying at Heatherley's School in London. Lavery continued his studies at the Académie Julian in Paris in the early 1880s. He returned to Glasgow and was associated with the Glasgow School. William Burrell, a wealthy shipowner, was a faithful patron of Scottish artists including Joseph Crawhall II, with whom Lavery studied. In 1888 he was commissioned to paint the state visit of Queen Victoria to the Glasgow International Exhibition. This launched his career as a society painter and he moved to London soon after. In 1896, William Burrell commissioned Lavery to paint a portrait of his sister Mary Burrell.

Miss Mary Burrell (38575835951)
Portrait of Miss Mary Burrell, 1896

This portrait was exhibited widely and is considered one of Lavery's finest works. Another portrait of Mrs. Burrell was altered to become the "Red Rose" portrait of Hazel Lavery.

John Lavery - The Red Rose
The Red Rose, 1923

In his memoir, Lavery acknowledged Burrell's patronage. In London, he became friendly with James McNeill Whistler and was clearly influenced by him.

Like William Orpen, Lavery was appointed an official artist in the First World War. Ill health, however, prevented him from travelling to the Western Front. A serious car crash during a Zeppelin bombing raid also kept him from fulfilling this role as war artist. He remained in Britain and mostly painted boats, aeroplanes and airships. During the war years he was a close friend of the Asquith family and spent time with them at their Sutton Courtenay Thames-side residence, painting their portraits and idyllic pictures like Summer on the River (Hugh Lane Gallery).

After the war he was knighted and in 1921 he was elected to the Royal Academy. His work was also part of the art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics, the 1928 Summer Olympics, and the 1932 Summer Olympics.

During this time, he and his wife, Hazel, were tangentially involved in the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War. They gave the use of their London home to the Irish negotiators during the negotiations leading to the Anglo-Irish Treaty. After Michael Collins was assassinated, Lavery painted Michael Collins, Love of Ireland, now in the Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery in Dublin. In 1929, Lavery made substantial donations of his work to both The Ulster Museum and the Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery and in the 1930s he returned to Ireland. He received honorary degrees from the University of Dublin and Queen's University Belfast. He was also made a freeman of both Dublin and Belfast. A long-standing member of Glasgow Art Club, Lavery exhibited at the club's annual exhibitions, including its exhibition in 1939 in which his The Lake at Ranelagh was included.

Personal life

Woman with golden turban lavery
Woman with golden turban, Hazel Lavery née Hazel Martyn
Hazel in rise and grey john lavery
Hazel in rose and grey

Lavery was an orphan raised by relatives in Moira, County Down. Lavery's first wife, Kathleen MacDermott, whom he married in 1889, died of tuberculosis in 1891, shortly after the birth of their daughter, Eileen (later Lady Sempill, 1890–1935).

In 1909 Lavery remarried, to Hazel Martyn (1886–1935), an Irish-American known for her beauty and poise, who had a daughter, Alice Trudeau (Mrs. Jack McEnery). Hazel Lavery was depicted in more than 400 of her husband's paintings. The sumptuous The Artist's Studio: Lady Lavery with her Daughter Alice and Step-Daughter Eileen, currently is in the National Gallery of Ireland.

Hazel Lavery modelled for the allegorical figure of Ireland he painted on commission from the Irish government, reproduced on Irish banknotes from 1928 until 1975 and then as a watermark until the introduction of the Euro in 2002. The Laverys' marriage was tempestuous, and Lady Lavery reportedly was unfaithful.

Sir John Lavery died in Rossenarra House, Kilmoganny, County Kilkenny on 10 January 1941, aged 84, from natural causes, and was interred in Putney Vale Cemetery.

Works in collections

  • Wartime pictures
  • John Lavery - IWM War Room

    War Room – depicts surrender of the German High Seas Fleet on board of HMS Queen Elizabeth (November 1918)

  • Munitions, Newcastle, 1917 by John Lavery

    Munitions, Newcastle, 1917

  • A Coast Defence - an 18-pounder anti-aircraft gun, Tyneside, 1917 by John Lavery

    A Coast Defence – an 18-pounder anti-aircraft gun, Tyneside, 1917

  • A Convoy, North Sea, 1918. From Ns 7- painted from an airship off the coast of Norway Art.IWMART1257

    A Convoy, North Sea, 1918

  • The Wounded At Dover, 1918 by John Lavery

    The Wounded at Dover, 1918

  • Army Post Office 3, Boulogne, 1919 by John Lavery

    Army Post Office 3, Boulogne, 1919

  • Other
  • The Tennis Party - Sir John Lavery - ABDAG002350

    The Tennis Party, 1885, Aberdeen Art Gallery

  • SirJohnLaveryARally1885

    Sir John Lavery, A Rally, 1885

  • Lavery32

    Lady Lavery

  • Mrs Lavery sketching

    Mrs Lavery sketching, 1910

  • Gaines Ruger Donoho by John Lavery

    Gaines Ruger Donoho

  • John Lavery - A Summer Afternoon

    A Summer Afternoon

  • John Lavery - On the Riviera

    On the Riviera

  • Lavery23

    Mrs Ralph Peto as a Bacchante

  • Mrs Burrell, Lavery 1903

    Portrait of Mrs Burrell

  • The Opening of the Modern Foreign and Sargent Galleries at the Tate Gallery, 26 June 1926

    The Opening of the Modern Foreign and Sargent Galleries at the Tate Gallery, 26 June 1926

  • Walter Burton Harris, Gemälde von Sir John Lavery (1907)

    Walter Burton Harris, 1907

  • The Chess Players, John Lavery (1929)

    The Chess Players, 1929

See also

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