Isaac C. Haight facts for kids
Quick facts for kids |
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| Personal details | |
| Born | Isaac Chauncey Haight May 27, 1813 Windham, New York, United States |
| Died | September 8, 1886 (aged 73) Thatcher, Arizona, United States |
| Spouse(s) |
Eliza Ann Snyder
(m. 1836)Mary Spring Murray
(m. 1849)Eliza Ann Price
(m. 1853)Annabella Sinclair MacFarlane
(m. 1853)Elizabeth Summers
(m. 1858) |
Isaac Chauncey Haight (May 27, 1813 – September 8, 1886), an early convert to the Latter Day Saint Movement, was a pioneer of the American West best remembered as a ringleader in the Mountain Meadows massacre. He was raised on a farm in New York, and became a Baptist at age 18, hoping to become a missionary in Burma. He educated himself, and found work as a schoolteacher. He converted to Mormonism and set out to convert others in his neighborhood, building up a branch with forty members. To escape religious persecution, his family (wife and infant daughter, parents, one brother and two sisters, all of whom had joined the church) arrived in Nauvoo, Illinois in July, 1842.
He worked as a constable in Nauvoo, and was frequently asked to serve as a bodyguard for Joseph Smith. Haight was the first member of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints to hear of the death of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint Movement, when the messenger delivering the news of his assassination rode up to the Nauvoo Temple, which Haight was guarding.
He emigrated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to Utah in 1847. In December, 1849 Haight and fifty others were sent by Brigham Young to explore the mountains in southern Utah, about 300 miles south from Salt Lake City. Among these explorers were Parley P. Pratt and George A. Smith, who also established a winter home there. From 1850 to 1852, he was sent to England to learn iron making, and upon his return was placed in charge of purchasing and assembling supplies for thousands of new European converts to cross the plains. In 1853, he married two additional wives. Upon his return to Utah, he was appointed to the territorial legislature, and was the first mayor of Cedar City, Utah where he was a farmer.
Mountain Meadows massacre
At the time of the Mountain Meadows massacre, Haight was the Stake President over several Wards in the area. Haight was in command of the Second Battalion, Tenth Regiment (or Iron County Militia), in which capacity he ordered the massacre of September 11, 1857, of the Baker-Fancher party of emigrants during the Utah War.
The Baker-Fancher train was one of several emigrant trains traveling through the area on their way to California at the time. George A. Smith had come down to southern Utah settlements and given orders for residents to prepare for war with United States troops who were approaching Utah to replace Governor Brigham Young. Haight promised Smith that the Tenth Regiment (of which Haight was second-in-command) could accomplish the ambush and destruction of "invading" federal troops before the troops would be able to make their way down through the canyons into the valleys.
On September 6, Haight gave a speech in which he said, "I am prepared to feed to the Gentiles the same bread they fed to us. God being my helper, I will give the last ounce of strength and if need be my last drop of blood in defense of Zion."
That evening, the extended families making the Baker-Fancher train set up their camp in Mountain Meadows. After a siege of the train by Paiutes and militiamen (some of whom were disguised as Natives) for four or five days, militiamen ceremoniously arrived at the scene without disguise and approached the embattled train. For reasons still unclear, the militia used a subterfuge of offering safe passage to the emigrants in exchange for the emigrants' disarming and turning their cattle over to the Paiutes—but after the emigrants were disarmed, militia members and Paiutes murdered all of the emigrant party except young children: about 120 slaughtered with seventeen children spared.
Scholars still debate whether senior LDS Church leadership, including Brigham Young, directly instigated the massacre or if responsibility lies with the local leaders of southern Utah.
Aftermath
Investigations were interrupted by the U.S. Civil War. Brigham Young removed Haight and certain others of the conspirators from good standing (excommunicated them) from the LDS Church in 1870. By 1874, Haight and eight others (John D. Lee, John M. Higbee, William H. Dame, Philip Klingensmith, William C. Stewart, Elliot Willden, Samuel Jukes, and George Adair, Jr.) were indicted. Haight went into hiding with his son, Caleb, in Mormon outposts in southern Utah, Mexico, and Arizona. He remained a fugitive from federal authorities for the rest of his life. A reward of $500 each was posted for the capture of Haight, Higbee and Stewart. Only John D. Lee ever stood trial. Lee was convicted and executed by firing squad on March 23, 1877.
Death
Haight died September 8, 1886, in Thatcher, Arizona at the age of 73.
