Influenza pandemic of 1918 facts for kids

The Influenza pandemic of 1918 or Spanish flu was a serious pandemic of influenza. It lasted for three years, from January 1918 to December 1920. About 500 million people were infected across the world with a population of 1.80 billion people.

The pandemic spread to remote Pacific Islands and the Arctic. It killed 50 million to 100 million people— three to five percent of the world's population at the time.

It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history. One of the reasons for that was becuase the pandemic occured before people knew much about viruses, and before anti-viral medications and vaccines. The people would also get secondary infections leading to pneumonia, which in today's world we would treat with antibiotics like penicillin. Unfortunately Penicillin was only discovered in 1928, ten years after the 1918 pandemic.

To maintain morale, wartime censors reduced reports of illness and mortality in Germany, Britain (United Kingdom), France, and the United States; but papers could report the epidemic's effects in neutral Spain (such as the grave illness of King Alfonso XIII). This situation created the false impression of Spain being especially hard-hit. It also resulted in the nickname Spanish flu.

Often, influenza outbreaks kill young people, or the elderly, or those patients that are already weakened. This was not the case for the 1918 pandemic, which killed mainly healthy young adults. Modern research, using virus taken from the bodies of frozen victims, has concluded that the virus kills through a cytokine storm (overreaction of the body's immune system). The strong immune reactions of young adults ravaged the body. But, the weaker immune systems of children and middle-aged adults caused fewer deaths among those groups.

There is not enough historical and epidemiological data to show where the pandemic started. The pandemic may be a cause of the outbreak of encephalitis lethargica in the 1920s. Another flu pandemic had happened in the 21st century that turns out to be new strain of H1N1. The outbreak began in Mexico and then the United States; spread to the world.

Gallery

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  Number of deaths in New York City, Berlin, Paris, and London (Museum of Health & Medicine, Washington), c. 1918–1919

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  Two American Red Cross nurses demonstrated treatment practices during the influenza pandemic of 1918.

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  Albertan farmers wore masks to protect themselves from the flu.

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  Policemen wearing masks provided by the American Red Cross in Seattle, 1918

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  A street car conductor in Seattle in 1918 refusing to allow passengers aboard who are not wearing masks

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  Red Cross workers remove a flu victim in St. Louis, Missouri (1918)

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  Influenza ward at Walter Reed Hospital during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918–1919

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  1919 Tokyo, Japan

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  Japanese poster in 1919

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  Demonstration at the Red Cross Emergency Ambulance Station in Washington, D.C., during the influenza pandemic of 1918

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  Cavalry memorial on the hill Lueg, memory of the Bernese cavalrymen victims of the 1918 flu pandemic; Emmental, Bern, Switzerland

Images for kids

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  Public health recommendations from the 1918 Illustrated Current News, New Haven, CT

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  Front page of El Sol (Madrid), 28 May 1918: "The three-day fever. 80,000 infected in Madrid. H.M. the king is sick."

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  The Times (London) front page 25 June 1918: "The Spanish Influenza"

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  Advertisement in The Times 28 June 1918 for Formamint tablets to prevent 'Spanish influenza'

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  "Spanish influenza," "three-day fever," "the flu." by Rupert Blue, U.S. Surgeon General, 28 September 1918

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  Edvard Munch (1863–1944), Self-Portrait with the Spanish Flu (1919)

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  As U.S. troops deployed en masse for the war effort in Europe, they carried the Spanish flu with them.

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  US Army symptomology of the flu

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  Coughs and sneezes spread diseases. U.S. Public Health ad on dangers of Spanish Flu epidemic during World War I.

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  Difference between the influenza mortality age-distributions of the 1918 epidemic and normal epidemics – deaths per 100,000 persons in each age group, United States, for the interpandemic years 1911–1917 (dashed line) and the pandemic year 1918 (solid line)

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  Three pandemic waves: weekly combined influenza and pneumonia mortality, United Kingdom, 1918–1919

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  A nurse wears a cloth mask while treating a patient in Washington, DC

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  Alberta's provincial board of health poster

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  1918 influenza epidemic burial site in Auckland, New Zealand

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  An electron micrograph showing recreated 1918 influenza virions

See also

In Spanish: Pandemia de gripe de 1918 para niños