Image: Yili-military-complex-ca-1809

Description: Map of the Ili area as of ca. 1809. It is "upside down", that is the south is on top, and the west on the right. The 9 double-squares correspond to the 9 fortified towns that existed there since the 1760s, as per en:Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture#Qing_Dynasty; from left to right (i.e., east to west): 宁远城 (Ningyuan Cheng = "Old Kulja"; it's a 回城, i.e. a Muslim (Taranchi, Uyghur) town 熙春城 (Xichun Cheng; it's a Lüying ( 綠營). i.e. en:Green Standard Army town Huining Cheng 惠宁城, a town for Manchu troops Huiyuan Cheng 惠远城, a town for Manchu troops Suiding Cheng 绥定城, Green Standard Army Guangren Cheng 广仁城, "left camp" Taleqi Cheng 塔勒奇城, Green Standard Army Zhande Cheng 瞻德城, "right camp" Gongchen Cheng 拱宸城, Green Standard Army (on the east side of Horgos River, 霍儿果斯河) East of Ningyuan, one can see a few 回庄 (Hui zhuang, i.e. "Muslim (Taranchi) villages"). Around Manchu and Green Standard towns, one can see a number 旗屯 (qi tun, Banner farms; the were worked by Solons, Chahars, and Xibe, according to Millward) and 绿营屯 (lü ying tun, Green standard farms), as well as 屯所 (tun suo; yet another kind of settler's farms/villages?). Xibo Bannermen (锡伯八旗, Xibo Ba Qi) are shown stationed across the Ili River from Huiyuan. Kazakhs (哈萨克, Hasake), are shown along the northern and western edge of the map; Kyrgyz ("Buruts", 布鲁特, Bulute), further south along the western edge. Lake Sairam (塞里木, Sailimu), is found beyond the Borohoro mountains near the NW corner.
Title: Yili-military-complex-ca-1809
Credit: Wang Tingkai and Qi Yunshi, Xichui zongtong shilue (General affairs of the western borders). Song-yun (general editor), 1809. Reprinted elsewhere since; this scan is from Millward, James A. (2007), Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0231139241, Map 2 on p. 78
Author: Wang Tingkai and Qi Yunshi / 汪廷楷、祁韻士
Usage Terms: Public domain
License: Public domain
Attribution Required?: No