Image: Herodian Kingdom topographic map

Description: In 32 BCE Octavian defeated Mark Antony at Actium, and Herod, having made his peace with the victor, was confirmed as King, and had Jericho restored to him along with Gadara, Samaria, Gaza, Anthedon (rebuilt as Agrippias, in order to control with Gaza the Nabataean trade), Joppa, Straton’s Tower, and probably Ashdod and Jamnia, while Ascalon and Dora remained free. In 27 BCE he rebuilt Samaria under the name Sebaste, and in 25 began at Straton’s Tower the harbour and town which he named Caesarea. In 23 BCE Augustus gave Herod Trachonitis and Batanea, and in 20 BCE, the domains of Zenodorus between Trachon and Galilee, containing Ulatha and Paneas. His brother Pheroras became Tetrarch of Perea. In 9 BCE, Herod subdued the Arabs of Trachonitis at Raepta, and built a fortresses in Batanaea and a village, Bathyra thus subduing and in part civilising the whole region. In 4 BCE, after a vain attempt of a cure in the waters of Callirrhoe, Herod died. His other buildings were the fortresses of Alexandrium, Herodium, Masada, Machaerus and Hyrkania. He also strengthened Heshbon in Perea and Gabae in Jezreel Valley; rebuilt Kephar Saba under the name Antipatris, and founded Phasaelis in the Jordan valley.
Title: Herodian Kingdom of Judea at its greatest extent
Credit: Own work. This file was derived from: Southern Levant blank topographic map.svg:  Sources of data: Topography and bathymetry: GEBCO 2023. Coastline, rivers and water bodies: GSHHG. Hillshade: NASA SRTM GL3. WGS 84 location coordinates: Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire. Ancient roads: Ancient World Mapping Center. Borders: Bryce, Trevor (2016) Atlas of the Ancient Near East, New York City: Routledge, p. 267 ISBN: 978-0-415-50800-1. Curtis, Adrian (2007) Oxford Bible Atlas, Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN: 978‒0‒19‒100158‒1. Gelb, Norman (2013) Herod the Great: Statesman, Visionary, Tyrant, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 978-1-4422-1065-3. Richardson, Peter (2018) Herod: King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans, New York City: Routledge ISBN: 978-1-138-80392-3. Smith, George Adam (1915) Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land, London: Hodder & Stoughton, p. 42 ISBN: 978-1-013-58494-7. Wright, Paul H. (2020) Ultimate Bible Atlas, Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers, p. 146−148 ISBN: 978-1-0877-3103-2.
Author: DEGA MD
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