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Heonjong of Joseon
朝鮮憲宗
조선 헌종
A rough sketch of Heonjong.png
King of Joseon
Reign 18 December 1834 – 25 July 1849
Predecessor Sunjo of Joseon
Successor Cheoljong of Joseon
Born (1827-09-08)8 September 1827
Gyeongchunjeon, Changdeok Palace, Seoul, Joseon Korea
Died 25 July 1849(1849-07-25) (aged 21)
Junghuidang, Changdeok Palace, Seoul, Joseon Korea
Burial Gyeongneung, Guri, South Korea
Spouse Queen Hyohyeon
Queen Hyojeong
Issue Unnamed daughter
Posthumous name
헌종경문위무명인철효대왕 憲宗經文緯武明仁哲孝大王
House House of Yi
Father Munjo of Joseon
Mother Queen Sinjeong
Heonjong of Joseon
Hangul 헌종
Hanja 憲宗
Revised Romanization Heonjong
McCune–Reischauer Hŏnjong
Pen name
Hangul 원헌
Hanja 元軒
Revised Romanization Wonheon
McCune–Reischauer Wŏnhŏn
Birth name
Hangul 이환
Hanja 李烉
Revised Romanization I Hwan
McCune–Reischauer I Hwan
Courtesy name
Hangul 문응
Hanja 文應
Revised Romanization Muneung
McCune–Reischauer Munŭng

Heonjong of Joseon (8 September 1827 – 25 July 1849) was the 24th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was the grandson of Sunjo. His father was Crown Prince Hyomyeong (posthumously named Munjo of Joseon), who died at the age of 20 before becoming king and his mother was Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan. Heonjong was born three-years before Hyomyeong's death.

Biography

Yi Hwan was born to Crown Princess Jo and Crown Prince Hyomyeong on 8 September 1827 in Gyeongchunjeon (경춘전, 景春殿) within Changdeok Palace. It was said that when the day before he was born, she dreamt of giving her son a box containing a tree carved with jade, and on the day of his birth, a group of cranes flew from the front room and went around for a long time. She and the others considered it to be strange. The young Heonjong ascended to the throne in 1834 at the age of 7 after his grandfather, King Sunjo, died. Like King Sunjo, Heonjong took the throne at a young age and his grandmother, Queen Sunwon served as queen regent. Although King Heonjong ascended to the throne, he had no political control over Joseon. When Heonjong reached adulthood, Queen Sunwon refused to give up control. In 1840, the control over the kingdom was then handed down to the Andong Kim clan, the family of his grandmother Queen Sunwon, following the anti-Catholic Gihae persecution of 1839.

King Heonjong died after reigning for 15 years in 1849 at the age of 21. He was buried at the Gyeongneung tomb within the Donggureung Tomb Cluster in Seoul, where several kings and queens of the Joseon Dynasty were buried, with Queen Hyohyeon and Queen Hyojeong. As King Heonjong died without an heir, the throne passed to a distant descendant of King Yeongjo, King Cheoljong.

As was customary with the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, the chronicle of Heonjong's reign was compiled after his death, in 1851. The compilation of the 16-volume chronicle was supervised by Jo In-yeong, her mother's uncle.

Family

  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • King Sukjong of Joseon (조선 숙종) (7 October 1661 – 12 July 1720)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Royal Noble Consort Sukbin of the Haeju Choi clan (숙빈 최씨) (17 December 1670 – 9 April 1718)
  • Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • King Yeongjo of Joseon (조선 영조) (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776)
  • Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Royal Noble Consort Yeongbin of the Jeonui Lee clan (영빈 이씨) (15 August 1696 – 23 August 1764)
  • Great-Great-Grandfather
  • Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Hyegyeong of the Pungsan Hong clan (헌경의황후 홍씨) (6 August 1735 - 13 January 1816)
  • Great-Grandfather
  • Great-Grandmother
    • Royal Noble Consort Subin of the Bannam Park clan (수빈 박씨) (1770 - 5 February 1823)
      • Adoptive Great-Grandmother: Queen Hyoui of the Cheongpung Kim clan (5 January 1754 - 10 April 1821)
  • Grandfather
  • Grandmother
  • Father
    • King Munjo of Joseon (18 September 1809 – 25 June 1830) (조선 문조)
  • Mother
    • Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan (21 January 1809 – 4 June 1890) (신정왕후 조씨)
      • Maternal Grandfather: Jo Man-yeong (1776 – 1846) (조만영)
      • Maternal Grandmother: Lady Deokan of the Eunjin Song clan (1776 – 1834) (덕안부부인 은진 송씨)
  • Consorts and their Respective Issue(s):
  1. Empress Hyohyeonsong of the Andong Kim clan (27 April 1828 – 18 October 1843) (효현왕후 김씨)
  2. Queen Hyojeong of the Namyang Hong clan (6 March 1831 – 2 January 1904) (효정왕후 홍씨)
  3. Royal Noble Consort Gyeongbin of the Gwangsan Kim clan (27 August 1832 – 21 April 1907) (경빈 김씨)
  4. Royal Noble Consort Jeongbin of the Haepyeong Yun clan (정빈 윤씨) (1833 - ?)
  5. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Gimhae Kim clan (January 1814 – 12 November 1895) (숙의 김씨)
    1. Unnamed daughter (옹주) (1848 - 1848); died prematurely

Full posthumous name

  • King Heonjong Jangsuk Chegeon Gyegeuk Jungjeong Gwangdae Jiseong Gwangdeok Hongun Janghwa Gyungmun Wimu Myeongin Cheolhyo the Great of Korea
  • 헌종장숙체건계극중정광대지성광덕홍운장화경문위무명인철효대왕
  • 獻宗莊肅體健繼極中正光大至聖廣德弘運章化經文緯武明仁哲孝大王
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