Ekaterine Chavchavadze facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Ekateriné Dadiani-Chavchavadze
Princess of Mingrelia
Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
Born	(1816-03-19)March 19, 1816 Tsinandali
Died	August 25, 1882(1882-08-25) (aged 66)
Spouse	David Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia
Issue	Prince Niko Princess Salomé Prince Andria
Full name Ekateriné Alexandres asuli Dadiani-Chavchavadze
House	Chavchavadze
Father	Prince Alexander Chavchavadze
Mother	Princess Salomé Orbeliani

Ekateriné Dadiani, Princess of Mingrelia (Georgian: ეკატერინე დადიანი; née Chavchavadze; March 19, 1816 – August 13, 1882) of the House of Dadiani, was a prominent 19th-century Georgian aristocrat and the last ruling princess (as regent) Principality of Mingrelia in Western Georgia. She was regent during the minority of her son between 1853 and 1857. She played an important role in resisting Ottoman influence in her principality and was at the center of Georgian high society, both inside the country and abroad.

Family and marriage

Ekateriné's father, Prince Alexander Chavchavadze

Her spouse, David Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia

Ekateriné was born to the distinguished Chavchavadze noble family from Eastern Georgia. Her father was Prince Alexander Chavchavadze, a noted Georgian general and godson of Catherine the Great of Russia. Her mother was Princess Salomé Orbeliani, a great-granddaughter of Erekle II (Heraclius II) of Eastern Georgia. Her elder sister Princess Nino married the famous Russian playwright, composer and diplomat Aleksandr Griboyedov, while her younger sister Princess Sophie was married to Count Alexandr Nikolai, the minister of education of Imperial Russia.

On December 19, 1838, Ekateriné married the Hereditary Prince of Mingrelia, David Dadiani. In 1840, he became ruler of the principality upon the retirement of his father, Levan V Dadiani.

In August 1853, David died and Ekateriné quickly assumed the responsibilities of her late husband, rising from relative obscurity. Recognizing her as regent of Mingrelia on behalf of her elder son, Prince Niko, Nicholas I of Russia assigned her a regency council which included her late husband's brothers, Prince Grigol Dadiani and Prince Konstantin Dadiani.

Instability during the Crimean War

During the Crimean War, the Turks sent a considerable force to Mingrelia, occupying significant parts of the principality and forcing Ekateriné to flee for security reasons. She soon received a threatening letter from the commanding Turkish general Omar Pasha demanding her surrender, as well as the transfer of her son's principality to the Ottoman Empire. Refusing to dignify Pasha's letter with a response, Ekateriné assumed control of the Mingrelian forces and organized successful counter-attacks that inflicted serious damage on the invading Turks.

The Crimean War soon ended in 1856 with the Treaty of Paris and Ekateriné was reinstated as regent, receiving an invitation to the coronation of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. She attended the ceremony with her children, as well as her sister, Nino. According to the Russian memoirist K.A. Borozdin, Ekateriné retained "the luster of her beauty" and looked extraordinary in her "original and richly decorated costume." The memoirist, like many others in modern-day Georgia, refers to her as the "Mingrelian Queen" and states that at the coronation ball, everyone was "delighted with [Ekateriné], her sister, children, and entourage."

Mingrelian rebellion and Russian encroachment

Ekateriné at the coronation ball in the Winter Palace

Princess Ekateriné's salon in Tsarskoe Selo

In 1856, Ekateriné left the Mingrelian principality to General George Dadiani and moved to live in Tsarskoe Selo, the residence of the Russian Imperial Family, where she became one of the "ladies of the court." In 1857, she was forced to return to Georgia because of the peasant uprising organized by a Mingrelian smith, Uta Miqava. On May 12, the rebels took control of the province's capital Zugdidi, forcing Ekateriné to request help from Russia. Having already effectively annexed Eastern Georgia, Russia eagerly intervened, subdued the uprising, and asked Ekateriné to move to Saint Petersburg on the pretext of facilitating her children's education and upbringing there. Her departure and the establishment of a "temporary" Russian military authority in Mingrelia marked the de facto abolition of the principality.

Final years

After moving to Russia, Ekateriné kept her private salon in Tsarskoe Selo open to the Georgian and Russian intelligentsia. After living there for nearly ten years, she moved to Paris, where her daughter Princess Salomé already lived with her French husband, Prince Achille Murat. In the final years of her life, Ekateriné moved back to Western Georgia, then officially part of the Russian Empire, and lived there to the end. She was interred in the medieval Eastern Orthodox monastery of Martvili.

Issue

Image	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Princess Maria	1840	1842	First daughter; died in childhood
	Princess Nina	1841	1848	Second daughter; died in childhood
	Prince Levan	1842	1844	First son; died in childhood
	Prince Niko	4 January 1847	22 January 1903	Elder surviving son
	Princess Salomé	12 January 1848	27 July 1913	Only surviving daughter
	Prince Andria	1850	1910	Younger surviving son
	Princess Tamara	1853	1859	Fourth daughter; died in childhood