Cascade Range facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Cascade Range
The Cascades in Washington, with Mount Rainier, the range's highest mountain, standing at 14,411 ft (4,392 m). Seen in the background (left to right) are Mount Adams, Mount Hood, and Mount St. Helens.
Highest point
Peak	Mount Rainier
Elevation	14,411 ft (4,392 m)
Dimensions
Length	700 mi (1,100 km) north-south
Width	80 mi (130 km)
Geography
Countries	United States and Canada
Provinces/States	British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California

Map of the Cascade Range showing major volcanic peaks

The Cascade Range is a mountain range in western North America. It goes from Northern California, through Oregon and Washington, and ends in British Columbia, Canada. The range includes the Western Cascades in northern California and the North and Canadian Cascades in Washington State and Canada.

The Cascades are in the Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire, the ring of volcanoes and associated mountains around the Pacific Ocean. Volcanos in the range include Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, and Mount Shasta. The Cascades are part of the "American Cordillera", the almost continuous spine of mountains which runs right down the western side of the Americas.

The highest mountain in the cascades is Mount Rainier at 14,411 feet or 4,392 metres.

Geology

The Cascade range was formed by thousands of small, short-lived volcanoes that built a platform of lava and volcanic debris. Rising above this volcanic platform are a few strikingly large volcanoes, like Mount St. Helens, that dominate the landscape.

The fundamental reason for all these mountains on the western side of the Americas is the steady movement of the great landmasses away from Eurasia and Africa. The process of continental drift is fuelled by the production of sea-floor material at the mid-Atlantic trench. The landmasses of the Americas have buckled the edges of the Pacific plates, resulting in the continual volcanic build-up of mountains on the western side of the continents. The Cascade Volcanic Arc made its first appearance 36 million years ago. The major volcanic peaks today were born in the last 1.6 million years. More than 3,000 vents erupted during the most recent volcanic episode that began 5 million years ago. As long as subduction continues, new Cascade volcanoes will continue to rise.

As the oceanic slab sinks deep into the Earth's interior beneath the continental plate, high temperatures and pressures allow water molecules locked in the minerals of solid rock to escape. The water vapor rises into the pliable mantle above the subducting plate, causing some of the mantle to melt. This newly formed magma rises toward the Earth's surface to erupt, forming a chain of volcanoes.

Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Cascade Range.

Images for kids

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  The Columbia Gorge marks where the Columbia River splits the Cascade Range between the states of Washington and Oregon.

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  West side view of Mount Shuksan in summer as seen from Artist Point in Washington

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  Mount Hood is the tallest point in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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  The Coquihalla River in the Canadian Cascades

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  Lassen Peak in the California Cascades. Southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range and part of Lassen Volcanic National Park

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  The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

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  Oval-leaf blueberry on Mount Pilchuck

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  Mountain goat on Wallaby Peak in the North Cascades

See also

In Spanish: Cordillera de las Cascadas para niños