Basque Country (greater region) facts for kids

The Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria) is a region in Southwestern Europe that is within the borders of France and Spain.

Description

It is the home of the Basque people. It is at the western end of the Pyrenees on the Bay of Biscay. Its boundaries are complicated, as it consists of seven districts: four within Spain and three within France.

History

Origins

No one knows when the Basques came to Europe. Many say that they have been in Europe since the Neolithic period at the end of the Stone Age, but others say that they were here even earlier.

The first written information about the Basque Country is from the Roman times, when the Basque people already spoke their own language. During the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Basque Country was isolated from the invading Goths.

Middle Ages

During the Muslim invasion of Southern Europe, the Basque Country split in two: the Castilian and the Navarrese lands. A war with France later split the Navarrese zone in two.

After the Reconquista, the Castilian Basque lands and Navarre became part of the new country: Spain. Since then, Basque people from the Spanish area of the Basque Country have had their own government and have fought to gain the northern part of the Basque Country from France.

Now

Today, three of the Basque districts in Spain (Araba, Bizkaia, and Gipuzkoa) form the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country. The political unit is one of 17 autonomous communities in Spain.

The fourth Basque district in Spain (Navarra) is its own separate autonomous community of Spain.

The three districts in the North (French) Basque Country are Lapurdi (Labourd), Nafarroa Beherea (Basse-Navarre) and Zuberoa/Xiberoa (Soule).

Population

The entire region has a surface area of 20,664 km² (7978 sq mi). The Autonomous Community of the Basque Country has 7,234 km² (2793 sq mi), and its population is about 2,000,000 - about 5% of the total population of Spain. Basque and Spanish are spoken, and its largest city is Bilbao although the capital is Vitoria-Gasteiz.

Famous people

• Miguel de Unamuno
• Maurice Ravel (through his mother)
• Che Guevara (through his mother)
• St. Ignatius Loyola
• Louis Daguerre
• Pío Baroja

Largest cities

• Bilbao
• Donostia
• Gazteiz
• Iruña
• Biarritz
• Baiona
• Maule
• Donibane Garazi

Images for kids

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  Euler diagram of the Basque Country

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  Town of Maule (Mauléon) in (Soule)

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  San Sebastián or Donostia in the Basque language

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  Railway line in Navarre

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  Dolmen in Bilar (Álava)

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  Horses in mountain Bianditz straddling Navarre and Gipuzkoa

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  The Basque Country's historic districts (early 18th century)

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  Percentage of fluent speakers of Basque. Those areas where Basque is not a native language are included within the 0–20% interval)

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  Percentage of students registered in Basque language schools (2000–2005)

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  Opening of the academic year in the Mondragon Unibertsitatea

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  Auditorium building of the University of the Basque Country in Bilbao

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  Law school of the University of Navarre

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  Match between Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. Athletic Bilbao only use Basque players

See also

In Spanish: Euskal Herria para niños