Ammonium chloride facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Ammonium chloride |
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| IUPAC name | Ammonium chloride |
| Other names | Sal ammoniac, Salmiac, Nushadir salt, Sal armagnac, Salt armoniack, Salmiak |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| EC number | 235-186-4 |
| KEGG | D01139 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:31206 |
| RTECS number | BP4550000 |
| SMILES | [Cl-].[NH4+] |
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InChI
InChI=1/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | H4ClN |
| Molar mass | 53.49 g mol-1 |
| Appearance | White solid, hygroscopic |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.519 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
338 °C, 611 K, 640 °F |
| Boiling point |
520 °C, 793 K, 968 °F |
| Sublimes at 337.6 °C ΔsublH |
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| Solubility in water | 244 g/L (−15 °C) 294 g/L (0 °C) 383.0 g/L (25 °C) 454.4 g/L (40 °C) 740.8 g/L (100 °C) |
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Solubility product (Ksp)
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30.9 (395 g/L) |
| Solubility | Soluble in liquid ammonia, hydrazine, Slightly soluble in acetone Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate |
| Solubility in methanol | 32 g/kg (17 °C) 33.5 g/kg (19 °C) 35.4 g/kg (25 °C) |
| Solubility in ethanol | 6 g/L (19 °C) |
| Solubility in glycerol | 97 g/kg |
| Solubility in sulfur dioxide | 0.09 g/kg (0 °C) 0.031 g/kg (25 °C) |
| Solubility in acetic acid | 0.67 g/kg (16.6 °C) |
| Vapor pressure | 133.3 Pa (160.4 °C) 6.5 kPa (250 °C) 33.5 kPa (300 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.24 |
| -36.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.642 (20 °C) |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | CsCl, cP2 |
| Space group | Pm3m, No. 221 |
| Lattice constant | a = 0.3876 nm |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−314.43 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy S |
94.56 J/mol·K |
| Specific heat capacity, C | 84.1 J/mol·K |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 |
0
2
0
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| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
none |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Ammonium fluoride Ammonium bromide Ammonium iodide |
| Other cations | Sodium chloride Potassium chloride Hydroxylammonium chloride |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
Ammonium chloride is a chemical compound composed of ammonium and chloride ions. It is a colorless crystalline compound. It is used in soldering. It is also used as an electrolyte in the Leclanche cell, a type of primary cell. Ammonium chloride can be deprotonated by strong bases such as sodium hydroxide to produce ammonia gas.It is sublime compound.
Related pages
Images for kids
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Ammonium chloride pyrolyses and reforms into ammonium-chloride smoke after cooling.
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Ammonium chloride crystal(s)
See also
In Spanish: Cloruro de amonio para niños
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Ammonium chloride Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.