0s facts for kids

The world in 1 AD

The 0s began on January 1, AD 1 and ended on December 31, AD 9, covering the first nine years of the Common Era. It is one of two "0-to-9" decade-like timespans that contain nine years, along with the 0s BC.

In Europe, the 0s saw the continuation of conflict between the Roman Empire and Germanic tribes in the Early Imperial campaigns in Germania. Vinicius, Tiberius and Varus led Roman forces in multiple punitive campaigns, before sustaining a major defeat at the hands of Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. Concurrently, the Roman Empire fought the Bellum Batonianum against a rebelling alliance of native peoples led by Bato the Daesitiate in Illyricum, which was suppressed in AD 9. A conflict also took place in Korea, where Daeso, King of Dongbuyeo invaded Goguryeo with a 50,000-man army in AD 6. He was forced to retreat when heavy snow began to fall, stopping the conflict until the next decade. In China, the last ruler of the Chinese Western Han dynasty (Ruzi Ying) was deposed, allowing Wang Mang to establish the Xin dynasty.

Literary works from the 0s include works from the ancient Roman poet Ovid; the Ars Amatoria, an instructional elegy series in three books, Metamorphoses, a poem which chronicles the history of the world from its creation to the deification of Julius Caesar within a loose mythico-historical framework, and Ibis, a curse poem written during his years in exile across the Black Sea for an offense against Augustus. Nicolaus of Damascus wrote the 15-volume History of the World.

Estimates for the world population by AD 1 range from 150 to 300 million. A census was concluded in China in AD 2: final numbers showed a population of nearly 60 million (59,594,978 people in slightly more than 12 million households). The census is one of the most accurate surveys in Chinese history. Dionysius Exiguus assigned Jesus's birth date in AD 1, in his anno Domini era according to at least one scholar. However, most scholars think Dionysius placed the birth of Jesus in the previous year, 1 BC. Furthermore, most modern scholars do not consider Dionysius' calculations authoritative, placing the event several years earlier (see Chronology of Jesus).

Events

1 AD

2 AD

3 AD

4 AD

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Caesar Augustus summons Tiberius to Rome, and names him his heir and future emperor. At the same time, Agrippa Postumus the last son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa is also adopted and named as Augustus' heir.
• Tiberius also adopts Germanicus as his own heir.
• Sextus Aelius Catus becomes consul.
• The Lex Aelia Sentia regulates the manumission of slaves.
• Signature of a pact of non-aggression and friendship between the Roman Empire, represented by Tiberius, and the German tribe the Cherusci, represented by their King Segimer. Arminius and Flavus, sons of Segimer, were brought into the Roman army as the Leaders of the auxiliary troops.
• Julia the Elder returns from exile to live in Rhegium in disgrace.
• Augustus Pardons Gnaeus Cornelius Cinna Magnus along with Aemilia Lepida, the daughter of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus for alleged involvement in a conspiracy against the emperor.
• Marcus Plautius Silvanus is appointed proconsul of Asia.
• Polianus Maradonius becomes Archon of Athens

Mid-East

• King Phraataces and Queen Musa of Parthia are overthrown and killed, the crown being offered to Orodes III of Parthia – the beginning of the interregnum

Asia

• Namhae Chachaung succeeds Bak Hyeokgeose as king of the Korean kingdom of Silla (traditional date)
• Emperor Ping of Han marries Empress Wang (Ping) daughter of Wang Mang cementing his influence.

By topic

Arts and sciences

• Nicholas of Damascus writes the 14 volume History of the World.

5 AD

6 AD

7 AD

By place

Roman Empire

• The Illyrians revolt against Roman rule.
• Pannonians revolt with Dalmatians and Illyrian tribes against Roman rule.
• Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus dismisses the Judean ethnarch Herod Archelaus.
• Publius Quinctilius Varus is appointed governor of Germany.
• Tiberius Quinctilius Varus, legate, is charged with organizing Germany between the Rhine and Elba rivers. He carries out a census, devises tributes and recruits soldiers, all of which create dissension among the Germans.
• Abgarus of Edessa is deposed as king of Osroene.
• Construction of the Temple of Concordia begins.

Asia

• Vonones I of the Arsacid Dynasty becomes ruler of Parthia
• Zhai Yi, Governor of the Commandery of Dong (modern Puyang, Henan) declares Liu Zin, Marquess of Yang Xiang (modern Tai'an, Shandong) emperor. This proves to be the largest of the rebellions against Emperor Ruzi of Han.
• Wang Mang puts down the rebellion during the winter. Zhai is captured and executed while Liu Xin escapes.

By Topic

Arts and Sciences

• Strabo writes Geographia (some claimed around AD 18).
• Livy is appointed to tutor Claudius in history. Claudius begins writing and researching a history of the Roman Civil Wars which is critical of Augustus. Livia and Antonia Minor force him to stop his work destroying any opportunity for political advancement.

8 AD

9 AD

Roman Empire

• Illyria is turned into a province after a revolt has been defeated.
• The Rhine River is established as the boundary between the Latin and German speaking worlds, following the defeat of the Roman army, under the command of Varus, at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
• Ovid is banished to Tomis.
• Pannonia (modern-day Hungary) submits to Roman rule.
• In order to increase the number of marriages, and ultimately the population, the lex Papia Poppaea is adopted in Rome. This law prohibits celibacy and childless relationships.
• Roman finances become strained following the Danubian insurrection, and Varus' defeat in Germany. This results in the levying of two new taxes: five percent of inheritances, and one percent on sales.
• Ovid completes Ibis.

Asia

• Wang Mang founds the short-lived Xin Dynasty in China (until 25).

Demographics

Estimates for the world population in 1 AD range from 150 to 300 million. The below table summarizes estimates by various authors.

Wars

Heads of state

Significant people

• Erato, Artaxiad dynasty Queen of Armenia, 8–5 BC, 2 BC – 2 AD, 6–11
• Ariobarzan of Atropatene, Client King of Armenia, r. 1 BC – 2 AD
• Artavazd V, Client King of Armenia, r. 2–11
• Tigranes V, Artaxiad dynasty King of Armenia, r. 2–6
• Ping Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 1 BC – 5 AD
• Ruzi Ying, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 6–9
• Wang Mang, Usurper Emperor of the short-lived Xin dynasty in China r. 9–23
• Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD
• Arminius, German war chief
• Arshak II, King of Caucasian Iberia, r. 20 BC-1 AD
• Pharasmanes I, King of Caucasian Iberia, r. 1-58
• Strato II and Strato III, co-kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, r. 25 BC – 10 AD
• Crimthann Nia Náir, Legendary High King of Ireland, r. 8 BC – AD 9
• Cairbre Cinnchait, Legendary High King of Ireland, r. 9–14
• Suinin, Legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 29 BC – 70 AD
• Natakamani, King of Kush, r. (1 BC – AD 20)
• Abgar V of Edessa, King of Osroene, 4 BC–AD 7, 13–50
• Ma'nu IV, King of Osroene, 7–13
• Phraates V, King of the Parthian Empire, r. 2 BC – 4 AD
• Musa of Parthia, mother and co-ruler with Phraates V, r. 2 BC – 4 AD
• Orodes III, King of the Parthian Empire, r. 4–6
• Vonones I, King of the Parthian Empire, r. 8–12
• Artabanus of Parthia, pretender to the Parthian throne and future King of Parthia
• Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC – AD 14)
• Gaius Caesar, Roman general
• Livy, Roman historian
• Ovid, Roman poet
• Quirinius, Roman nobleman and politician
• Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c. 31 BC – 9 AD
• Shammai, Jewish scholar and Av Beit Din of the Sanhedrin, in office 20 BC – 20 AD
• Tiberius, Roman general, statesman, and future emperor
• Hyeokgeose, King of Silla, r. 57 BC – 4 AD
• Namhae, King of Silla, r. 4–24

Births

1 AD

• Lucius Annaeus Gallio, Roman proconsul (d. 65)
• Quinctilius Varus, son of Publius Quinctilius Varus and Claudia Pulchra (d. 27)
• Pallas, Greek Freedman and political advisor (d. 65)

2 AD

• Deng Yu, Chinese general and statesman (d. AD 58)

3 AD

• Ban Biao, Chinese historian and official (d. AD 54)
• Geng Yan, Chinese general of the Han dynasty (d. AD 58)
• Tiberius Claudius Balbilus, Roman politician and astrologer (d. AD 79)

4 AD

• Columella, Roman Latin writer (d. AD 70)
• Daemusin, Korean king of Goguryeo (d. AD 44)
• Publius Quinctilius Varus the Younger, Roman nobleman (d. AD 27)
• Possible date – Jesus, Jewish preacher and religious leader (executed c. AD 30/33)

5 AD

• Habib the Carpenter, Syrian disciple, martyr
• Paul the Apostle, Jewish leader of the Christians
• Ruzi Ying, great-grandson of Xuan of Han (d. AD 25)
• Yin Lihua, empress of the Han dynasty (d. AD 64)

6 AD

• Gaius Manlius Valens, Roman senator and consul (d. AD 96)
• John the Apostle, Jewish Christian mystic (approximate date)
• Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman politician (d. AD 39)
• Milonia Caesonia, Roman empress (d. AD 41)
• Nero Julius Caesar, son of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder (d. AD 30)

7 AD

• Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, Roman general (d. AD 67)
• Julia, daughter of Drusus Julius Caesar and Livilla (d. AD 43)

8 AD

• Drusus Caesar, member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty (d. AD 33)
• Titus Flavius Sabinus, Roman consul and brother of Vespasian (d. AD 69)

9 AD

• November 17 – Vespasian, Roman emperor (d. AD 79)

Deaths

1 AD

• Arshak II of Iberia, king of Iberia of the Nimrodid Dynasty

2 AD

• August 20 – Lucius Caesar, son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (b. 17 BC)
• Gaius Marcius Censorinus, Roman consul (approximate date)

3 AD

• Bao Xuan, Chinese politician of the Han dynasty

4 AD

• February 21 – Gaius Caesar, son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (b. 20 BC)
• June 26 – Ariobarzanes II, Roman client king of Armenia (b. 40 BC)
• Gaius Asinius Pollio, Roman orator, poet and historian (b. 65 BC)
• Hyeokgeose, Korean king of Silla (b. 75 BC)
• Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, Roman consul

6 AD

• February 3 – Ping, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 9 BC)
• Cleopatra Selene II, Egyptian ruler of Cyrenaica and Libya (b. 40 BC)
• Orodes III, king (shah) of the Parthian Empire
• Terentia, wife of Marcus Tullius Cicero (b. 98 BC)

7 AD

• Athenodoros Cananites, Stoic philosopher (b. 74 BC)
• Aulus Licinius Nerva Silianus, Roman consul
• Glaphyra, daughter of Archelaus of Cappadocia (approximate date)
• Lucius Sempronius Atratinus, Roman politician

8 AD

• Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, Roman general (b. 64 BC)

9 AD

• September 15 – Publius Quinctilius Varus, Roman general (b. 46 BC)
• Marcus Caelius, Roman centurion (b. c. 45 BC)

See also

In Spanish: Años 0 para niños